Assessment of biochemical composition and energy reserves in larvae of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

Whyte, J. N. C.; Bourne, N.; Hodgson, C.A.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(87)90159-6

Cited by 78 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Most analytical procedures used have been described in detail previously for eggs and larvae (Whyte et al 1987). RNA and DNA were assessed by the method of Buckley and Bulow (1987).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further catabolism occurs to maintain the larvae during the transitional stage of exogenous feeding. Patinopecten yessoensis larvae (Japanese scallop), some 14 d after first feeding, appear unable to assimilate sufficient energy from algal diets, possibly due to underdeveloped digestive systems, and continue to be partially reliant on endogenous energy (Whyte et al 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallopCrassadoma gigantea

1990

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Abstract. The biochemical composition of eggs spawned from rock scallops Crassadoma gigantea (Gray) collected from Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) in the winter of 1987 and the summer of 1988, differed significantly only in lipid and soluble-ash contents. Major macronutrients were catabolized simultaneously and linearly with time of embryogenesis. Total egg energy expended during development was 11.8 kJ g-1 derived 46.7, 9.8 and 43.5%, from lipid, carbohydrate, and protein, respectively. Glucose in the egg was the dominant source of carbohydrate energy. Deposition of shell was linear with time of embryogenesis and the formation of 44.8% dry wt of shell in the early larval stage, referred to as the D-larva, consumed 64.4% of the total energy expended. Energy required for shell formation was 17.55 kJ g-1. The RNA:DNA ratio declined exponentially from 18.6 in the egg to 2.21 in the D-larva, which was consistent with that of adult bivalves. Many changes in fatty acid composition were linear with time of embryogenesis, and the percentage of n3-and n6-higher unsaturated fatty acids to total polyethylenic acids exhibited significant declining and increasing trends, respectively. The linear rate of catabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n3, and the constant level of docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n3, illustrated an energy and a structural role, respectively, for these dominant acids in the embryonic development of the rock scallop.

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“…Most analytical procedures used have been described in detail previously for eggs and larvae (Whyte et al 1987). RNA and DNA were assessed by the method of Buckley and Bulow (1987).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallopCrassadoma gigantea

1990

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“…Mesozooplankton were fixed immediately in 4% buffered formaldehyde and identified, enumerated and sized using a Wild M10 dissecting microscope. Mesozooplankton abundance was converted into carbon biomass by applying accepted size-specific carbon conversion factors (Conover & Lalli 1972, Theilacker & Kimball 1984, Båmstedt 1986, Daan 1986, Whyte et al 1987, Blom et al 1989, Båmstedt et al 1990, Falkenhaug 1991, Widdows 1991, Karlson & Båmstedt 1994, Gorsky & Fenaux 1998.Bacterial abundance was determined in each mesocosm ca. every third day during each experiment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plankton development and trophic transfer in seawater enclosures with nutrients and Phaeocystis pouchetii added

Nejstgaard¹,

Frischer²,

Verity³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In high latitude planktonic ecosystems where the prymnesiophyte alga Phaeocystis pouchetii is often the dominant primary producer, its importance in structuring planktonic food webs is well known. In this study we investigated how the base of the planktonic food web responds to a P. pouchetii colony bloom in controlled mesocosm systems with natural water enclosed in situ in a West Norwegian fjord. Similar large (11 m 3 ) mesocosm studies were conducted in 2 successive years and the dynamics of various components of the planktonic food web from viruses to mesozooplankton investigated. In 2002 (4 to 24 March), 3 mesocosms comprising a control containing only fjord water; another with added nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) in Redfield ratios; and a third with added N, P, and cultured solitary cells of P. pouchetii, were monitored through a spring bloom cycle. In 2003 (27 February to 2 April) a similar set of mesocosms were established, but cultured P. pouchetii was not added. As expected, during both years, addition of N and P without addition of silicate resulted in an initial small diatom bloom followed by a colonial bloom of P. pouchetii (600 to 800 µg C l -1 ). However, the hypothesis that addition of solitary cells of P. pouchetii would enhance subsequent colony blooms was not supported. Interestingly, despite the large production of Phaeocystis colonial material, little if any was transferred to the grazing food web, as evidenced by non-significant effects on the biomass of micro-and mesozooplankton in fertilized mesocoms. Separate experiments utilizing material from the mesocosms showed that colonies formed from solitary cells at rates that required only ca. 1% conversion efficiencies. The results are discussed from the perspective of future research still required to understand the impact of life cycle changes of this enigmatic phytoplankter on surrounding ecosystems. KEY WORDS: Phaeocystis pouchetii · Mesocosms · Nutrients · Fjord · Biocomplexity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 321: 2006 gelatinous polysaccharide 'skin' (Chen et al. 2002). Solitary cells may be either motile or non-motile, and are typically 3 to 9 µm in diameter (Rousseau et al. 1994). This unusually large range of sizes between colonies and solitary cells (ca. 6 to 11 orders of magnitude in biovolume) can significantly alter material flow among trophic levels and export from the upper ocean (Wassmann et al. 1990, Lancelot et al. 1998. Furthermore, each stage is thought to function in different ways in order to reduce losses to either small or large zooplankton and viruses, and thus Phaeocystis spp. effectively function as dual species (Weisse et al. 1994, Smaal & Twisk 1997, Hamm et al. 1999, Jacobsen 2000, Verity 2000, Jakobsen & Tang 2002, Tang 2003.The dual life history of colonial and solitary cell stages was described over 50 yr ago (Kornmann 1955), and the dominant morphology appears to alter the ecosystem function from a regenerative system (solitary cells) ...

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“…Bayne et al 1975, Bayne 1976a, Whyte et al 1987, 1990, Lu et al 1999, Pernet et al 2003a, Moran & Manahan 2004 and Stage 3 during metamorphosis (e.g. Holland & Spencer 1973, Bayne 1976a, Gabbott 1976, Holland 1978, Whyte et al 1989, Videla et al 1998, Labarta et al 1999, Lu et al 1999, Pernet et al 2003b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of lipids during early development of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus

Sewell¹

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

108

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Detailed studies of lipid utilization during bivalve development have shown that lipids are important at 2 critical periods: embryogenesis and metamorphosis. Using the Iatroscan TLC/FID system I examined lipid class utilization during development of Evechinus chloroticus to determine whether lipids were also important for an echinoderm at these times. Eggs of E. chloroticus contained 34.41 ng of lipid, primarily polar lipids (52.0%) and triglyceride (29.4%). To determine whether there was a different pattern of lipid utilization between larvae reared in the presence or absence of particulate food, larvae were either fed 6000 cells ml -1 Dunaliella every 2 d or starved. While there was no change in the amount of total, structural or energy storage lipids over time, there was a significant difference in the amount of structural lipids between Fed and Starved treatments. This was related to the continuing development of Fed larvae and cessation of development of Starved larvae at the 4-arm pluteus stage. In both treatments, triglycerides were rapidly utilized from the early 4-arm echinopluteus to the late 4-arm larva with fully developed arms and gut. Another neutral lipid, free fatty acid, accumulated in the 8-arm echinopluteus stage of the Fed larvae. This suggests that lipid stored during the planktonic phase, in combination with the proximate constituents of the larval body, provides the energy for the metamorphic and perimetamorphic periods in echinoderm development. Thus sea urchins, as in bivalves, appear to have 2 critical periods for lipid use during development.

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Assessment of biochemical composition and energy reserves in larvae of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

Cited by 78 publications

References 22 publications

Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallopCrassadoma gigantea

Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallopCrassadoma gigantea

Plankton development and trophic transfer in seawater enclosures with nutrients and Phaeocystis pouchetii added

Utilization of lipids during early development of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus

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