Assessment of Fetal Behaviour by 3D and 4D Sonography

Kurjak, Asim; Lausin, Iva; Azumendi, Guillermo

doi:10.2174/978160805019210901010209

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…'4D sonographic studies of fetal behavior, behavior-related phenomena and fetal reflexes may provide us with a great possibility of understanding the hidden function of the development pathway of the fetal brain and central nervous system and the potentialities of originating a neurological investigation in utero'. 4 There are fetal behaviors that can be detected by the 4D sonographic assessment procedure in instances, where the 2D technique cannot provide the same information. One aspect that appears to favor the 4D technique is in the evaluation of facial movement and expression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In anencephalic fetuses, almost an absence of movements in the lower extremities was observed. 4,25,26 General movements in the first trimester showed a lack of positional changes, high volume and hypertonia with reduced participating body parts. No facial expressions during the second and third trimesters were noted.…”

Section: D Sonography In Assessment Of Fetal Neurobehaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 'Analysis of fetal behavior in comparison with morphological studies had led to the conclusion that fetal behavior patterns directly reflect developmental and maturational processes of the fetal central nervous system'. 4 Numerous studies employing conventional twodimensional (2D) ultrasound have shown that normally developing fetuses and fetuses at risk exhibit different patterns of behavior. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] However, there are some limitations for assessing fetal movements employing conventional 2D sonography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 With the appearance and development of four-dimensional (4D) sonography, fetal behavioral movements and the full range of facial expressions can be observed. 4,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The ease with which 4D sonography can be used to evaluate fetal movements might well promote a resurgence of interest in fetal behavior and responsiveness. 29 'Fetal behavior, defined as any observable action or reaction to an external stimulus by the fetus, reflects the activity of the fetal central nervous system'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

Hata¹,

Sato²,

Kanenishi³

et al. 2012

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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ABSTRACT'Observation of fetal behavior reflects the functioning of the central nervous system, and behavioral assessment of the fetus enables the function of the brain to be examined'.1 The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) sonography techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three dimensions in real time during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal neurobehavior in all three trimesters of pregnancy. 4D sonography also facilitated the evaluation of interhuman contact and intrapair stimulation in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavior and intertwin contact and intrapair stimulation and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional sonography. 4D sonography may become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D Sonography In Assessment Of Fetal Neurobehaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

Hata¹,

Sato²,

Kanenishi³

et al. 2012

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] "Analysis of fetal behavior in comparison with morphological studies had led to a conclusion that fetal behavior patterns directly reflect developmental and maturational processes of the fetal central nervous system". 15 Fetal facial expressions are controlled by the nuclei of facial nerves in the brain, and have also been investigated using 2D ultrasound. [16][17][18][19] Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has the potential to provide improved visualization of fetal anatomic morphology compared with conventional 2D ultrasound imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Neurobehavioral Development

Hata¹,

Kanenishi²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2010

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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The introduction of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound techniques would facilitate fetal behavioral assessment in three-dimensions in realtime during pregnancy. We describe the latest 4D sonographic studies on fetal behavior, especially fetal whole-body movements and facial expressions in all three trimesters of pregnancy and the continuation of behavior from the fetal to neonatal period. Moreover, we introduce a new scoring system (KANET, Kurjak Antenatal Neurological Test) for assessment of the fetal neurological status using 4D ultrasound. 4D ultrasound also facilitated the evaluation of inter-human contact in twin pregnancies in utero. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of fetal behavior and inter-twin contact, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional two-dimensional ultrasound. 4D ultrasound should become an important modality in future research on fetal neurobehavioral development and the prenatal identification of severely brain-damaged infants. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to ascertain the role of 4D ultrasound in the evaluation of fetal neurobehavioral development.

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Neurological development may be accelerated in growth-restricted fetuses: a 4D ultrasound study

Mori

Kanenishi

AboEllail

et al. 2019

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Objective To assess whether neurological maturation and development are accelerated in fetal growth restriction (FGR) in utero using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound. Methods The facial expressions of 50 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 34 FGR fetuses aged between 28 and 35 gestational weeks were assessed using 4D ultrasound. Subsequently, they were differentiated into two gestational age groups (19 aged 28–31 weeks and 31 aged 32–35 weeks in AGA, and 15 aged 28–31 weeks and 19 aged 32–35 weeks in FGR). Fifteen-minute recordings were made, and the frequencies of seven facial expressions during that time were examined. Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the changing number of significant correlations with advancing gestation in each group. Results Out of 21 combinations of facial expressions at 28–31 and 32–35 gestational weeks in AGA fetuses, there was only three significant correlations. Similarly, only one was noted out of 21 combinations at 28–31 gestational weeks, but there were seven significant correlations in FGR fetuses at 32–35 weeks (P=0.018). However, there was no significant difference in the number of correlations of facial expressions between AGA (3/21) and FGR (7/21) fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation (P=0.147). Conclusion Our results suggest that the number of significant correlations of fetal facial expressions in FGR fetuses increases more compared with that in AGA fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation. Due to the acceleration of neurological maturation and development in FGR fetuses, the control of facial expressions by the brain may be more evident compared with AGA fetuses at 32–35 weeks of gestation. However, the data and their interpretation in the present study should be taken with some degree of caution because of the small number of subjects studied. Further studies involving a larger sample size are needed to obtain strong or additional evidence.

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Assessment of Fetal Behaviour by 3D and 4D Sonography

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

4D Sonography in Assessment of Fetal Neurobehavior

Four-dimensional Ultrasound Evaluation of Fetal Neurobehavioral Development

Neurological development may be accelerated in growth-restricted fetuses: a 4D ultrasound study

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