“…This result is in agreement with Taye (2021)'s observations, which states that a typical funding program usually prescribes policies that entail excessive domestic demand compression, wage cuts, and government spending reductions; these are often followed by sharp currency depreciation and import liberalization reforms, with little regard for their socially and economically destructive impact on domestic economies (Taye, 2021). This is also in line with the perception that most of the countries fully adopting the IMF's structural reforms are currently experiencing mass unemployment, poverty, increased indebtedness and dependence, low living standards, and budget deficits due to their inability to develop (Mohammed et al, 2020;Samuel, Collins, & Atama, 2019;Shafiu & Salleh, 2020). When we looked into the specific policy content of these policies, we discovered that conditionalities have largely negative consequences for the enjoyment of health, labor, civil, and political rights.…”