Assessment of Juvenile Growth and Yield Relationship Among Dwarf Cashew Types in Ghana

Dadzie, Abu Mustapha; Adu-Gyamfi, Paul Kwesi Krah; Akpertey, Abraham; Ofori, Atta; Opoku, Stephen Yaw; Yeboah, Julius; Akoto, E. G.; Padi, Francis Kwame; Obeng-Bio, Ebenezer

doi:10.5539/jas.v12n10p116

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Adu et al (2013) observed a no significant genotype by environmental interaction for grain yield and other agronomic traits among extra early hybrids in Ghana, which is similar to findings observed in this study. However, Dadzie et al (2018) reported of significant genotype by environment interaction when he evaluated a larger number of hybrids including these same hybrids across three locations in two seasons in Ghana, which is in contrast with the findings of this work. Because this study involved only the topperforming hybrids identified by Dadzie et al (2018), it suggests that no significant differences existed among those top-performing hybrids identified by Dadzie et al (2018), even when evaluated in diverse ecologies as was done in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…However, GH11 (ENT-5 x TZ1-8), GH08 (MO826-12F x CML-343), GH05 (ENT-85 x CML-247), and GH09 (MO826-7F x CML-343) all recorded aflatoxin levels, which were below the 20 ppb threshold although under artificial inoculation. This observation compares with the findings from Dadzie et al (2018) who reported aflatoxin levels of 17.20 ppb, 21.74 ppb for ENT-5 x TZ1-8 and ENT-5 x CML-287, respectively, after inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Due to the cost involved in aflatoxin analysis, only six hybrids with high grain yields and four local checks were selected for this analysis. Aflatoxin accumulation levels were determined during the minor season, because Henry et al (2013) reported that aflatoxin accumulation levels increase with increase in draught and heat; this observation agrees with Dadzie et al (2018) that aflatoxin levels during the major seasons in Ghana were relatively lower across environments than what was observed during the minor season. Hence, testing samples during minor seasons provide an informed decision on the actual potential aflatoxin accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Same assessments of the yield performance of the hybrids revealed that GH 11 (ENT-5 x TZ1-8) and GH06 (ENT-5 x CML-287) were among the top-performing genotypes that were also found in a previous study by Dadzie et al (2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

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Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in maize: Breeding for stable resistant cultivars

Oppong

Appiah²,

Appiah-Kubi³

et al. 2022

Front. Hortic.

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Maize (Zea mays L) is a major cereal crop for both plant and animal nutrition worldwide. The production and consumption of maize are adversely affected by aflatoxin contamination resulting in reduced grain quality with high health risk to consumers. Unsafe aflatoxin levels above 20 ppb have been reported in maize from farmers’ fields in Ghana. A study was undertaken to evaluate the yield and aflatoxin contamination resistance stabilities of selected hybrids being developed in Ghana. Eighteen maize genotypes (14 hybrids with the following code names: GH01, GH02, GH03, GH04, GH05, GH06, GH07, GH08, GH09, GH10, GH11, GH12, GH13, and GH14 and four local checks: Etubi, Obotantim, Tintim, and Mamaba) were evaluated across six environments in two seasons. Artificial inoculation was done randomly using the side needle injection method 14 days after midsilk at a concentration of 9 × 107 conidia/ml. After the harvest levels of aflatoxin in the harvested grains were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data analysis showed that genotypic effects and environmental effects on some traits were consistently significant across environments, which mean that there was useful variation among the genotypes that could be utilized for the development of hybrids. Non-significant genotype by environment interaction effects for grain yield suggests that a promising genotype selected in one of these locations will also be suitable for production in the other locations in the same agroecological zone. GGE biplot analyses provided clear bases for determining stability and performance of the hybrids. Two hybrids have the potential for production in Ejura, Fumesua, Ohawu, Akumadan, and Kpeve and similar agroecological zones. GH04, GH10, and GH01 were lowest yielding, but GH10 was most stable. GH05 was identified as the most promising for production in Ejura, Ohawu, and Akumadan. Again, GH08 was the Vertex genotype for Wenchi environment. Ejura, located in the transition zone, was identified as the ideal testing environment for the hybrids. Most of the hybrids showed low levels of aflatoxin accumulation below 20 ppb despite artificial inoculation. The study revealed GH01, GH05, and GH08 as the most stable among the top yielding hybrids with aflatoxin levels of 11.9, 14.3, and 3.8 ppb, respectively, after artificial inoculation, which can be considered for cultivation as varieties to help mitigate aflatoxin contamination in maize in Ghana and beyond.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

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Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in maize: Breeding for stable resistant cultivars

Oppong

Appiah²,

Appiah-Kubi³

et al. 2022

Front. Hortic.

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“…Broad sense heritability among traits ranged from moderate to very high estimates during the major season where adequate rains and less disease pressure was observed. However, significantly lower range of estimates were detected during the minor season (data not shown) confirming earlier reports by [17] who demonstrated significant environmental influence on heritability estimates in cashew. Moderate to high heritability estimates realized in this study, suggested that possible gains are achievable in hybrid maize development for high yields and aflatoxin accumulation resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Genetic Variation and Aflatoxin Accumulation Resistance among 36 Maize Genotypes Evaluated in Ghana

Dadzie¹,

Oppong²,

Obeng-Bio³

et al. 2021

Cereal Grains - Volume 2

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Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced predominantly by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus. The toxin contaminate maize grains and threatens human food safety. Survey in Ghana revealed aflatoxin contamination of maize in excess of 941 ppb which is way beyond WHO and USA approved limits of 15 ppb and 20 ppb respectively. Host plant resistance is considered as the best strategy for reducing aflatoxins. This study was designed to (1) identify and select suitable maize lines that combine aflatoxin accumulation resistance and good agronomic traits under tropical conditions and (2) assess the genetic diversity among the exotic and locally adapted maize genotypes using significant morphological traits. Thirty-six maize genotypes, 19 from Mississippi State University, USA and 17 locally adapted genotypes in Ghana were evaluated for aflatoxin accumulation resistance and good agronomic characteristics across six contrasting environments using a 6x6 lattice design with three replicates. Five plants each per genotype were inoculated with a local strain of Aspergillus flavus inoculum at a concentration of 9 x 107/3.4 ml, two weeks after 50% mid silking. Total aflatoxin in the kernels were determined at harvest using HPLC method. Statistical analysis for agronomic traits and aflatoxin levels were performed using PROC GLM procedure implemented in SAS. The result indicated that genotype by environment interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for aflatoxin accumulation resistance and many other agronomic traits. Five genotypes (MP715, NC298, MP705, MP719, CML287 and TZEEI- 24) consistently displayed stable resistance across the environments and may serve as suitable candidates for developing aflatoxin resistant hybrids. Cluster analysis showed two distinct groups (locally adapted and exotic genotypes), an indication of re-cycled alleles per region. Broad sense heritability estimates for grain yield and aflatoxin accumulation resistance were moderately high, which could permit transfer of traits during hybrid development.

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Assessing drivers of post-harvest losses: tangible and intangible resources’ perspective

Faibil

Agyemang

Amponsah

et al. 2021

Environ Dev Sustain

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Many stakeholders in agro-food industry are concerned about sustainability, especially in addressing post-harvest loss (PHL). However, resources available to various supply chain stakeholders such as in the raw cashew nuts (RCNs) supply network to address PHL remain a challenge. The extant literature on PHL has limited intricate insight into its drivers from the perspective of resources. This paper, focusing on RCNs supply network, systematically identifies and analyzes critical drivers that influence PHL guided by tangible and intangible resources perspective. Fuzzy-Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy-DEMATEL) methodology was employed to analyze and convert an experts' judgment into quantifiable data to establish the causal relationship among the drivers. The findings reveal that urgent and short-term attention to address PHL in the RCNs supply network should be given to the primary tangible driver of lack/insufficient proper packaging materials. Furthermore, in medium-term strategies, RCNs suppliers and government agencies in-charge of agriculture and industry bodies need to surmount three key cause drivers consisting of premature/green harvesting of cashew nuts, financial and economic constraints, and lack of appropriate storage facility. In addition, drivers such as insufficient/lack of management support and commitment and lack of information dissemination on PHL within RCNs suppliers should be addressed in the long term. The study provides a framework for supply chain managers and policymakers to understand the interrelationship among PHL drivers from a resource perspective to enable the implementation of strategies that address PHL.

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Assessment of Juvenile Growth and Yield Relationship Among Dwarf Cashew Types in Ghana

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in maize: Breeding for stable resistant cultivars

Mitigating aflatoxin contamination in maize: Breeding for stable resistant cultivars

Genetic Variation and Aflatoxin Accumulation Resistance among 36 Maize Genotypes Evaluated in Ghana

Assessing drivers of post-harvest losses: tangible and intangible resources’ perspective

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