Assessment of lectin activity in a toxic and a non-toxic variety ofJatropha curcas using latex agglutination and haemagglutination methods and inactivation of lectin by heat treatments

Aregheore, E. M.; Makkar, H.P.S.; Becker, Klaus

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199807)77:3<349::aid-jsfa49>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A chymotrypsin inhibitor unit is defined in terms of chymotrypsin units inhibited per mg of sample. Analysis of lectin activity was performed using a microtitre haemagglutination assay method as described by Aregheore, Makkar & Becker (1998). Total saponin content was determined by the method of Hiai, Oura & Nakajima (1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative nutritional evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds [Mucuna pruriens(L.) DC. var.utilis(Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticusL.)

Siddhuraju

Becker

2003

Aquaculture Research

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A fish feeding trial was conducted in a warm‐water recirculating system for 8 weeks to assess the nutritive value of processed mucuna seeds as a dietary protein replacement for fish meal in practical diets of tilapia. Diets 2–6 contained mucuna seeds processed as follows: raw, soaked in water, soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution (0.07%), soaked in ascorbic acid solution (0.1%) or soaked in water containing 3% of freeze‐dried moringa leaf powder, followed by autoclaving. The mucuna seed meals were then used to replace 25% of the total dietary protein in each diet. The performance of fish fed these diets was compared with fish fed a fish meal‐based control diet (diet 1), which contained 35% protein. All diets were prepared to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. Each treatment had three replicates, using seven fish per aquarium, with a mean initial body weight of 3.9 ± 0.06 g. Fish were fed five times about their maintenance level (3.0 g feed × body weight (kg)−0.8 day−1), and no mortality was observed during the experiment. The growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein productive value of fish fed diets 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were similar. However, with regard to energy retention and apparent net lipid utilization, the values observed in fish fed diet 1 were similar to those of fish fed diets 5 and 6, and diet 6, and significantly higher than other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 showed a significantly (P < 0.05) reduced growth performance, higher carcass moisture and ash contents, and lower levels of lipid and energy compared with all other dietary groups. Fish fed diet 2 had a significantly lower plasma cholesterol level compared with other diets. However, no significant variation of muscle cholesterol was found between the dietary groups. Even though the hepato‐somatic index of the fish fed diets 3, 4, 5 and 6 was significantly lower than diet 1, these values appeared to be significantly higher compared with fish fed diet 2. The present study indicates that the inclusion of mucuna seed meal (replacement of 25% of total dietary protein of feed) after soaking in any one of the tested solutions followed by autoclaving significantly improved the growth performance and feed utilization of tilapia compared with that of the raw seeds. Moreover, these values were similar to the performance obtained with the fish meal‐based control diet 1. This might be due to the relative reduction of anti‐nutrients, particularly the non‐protein amino acid 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, and increased palatability and nutrient availability of processed beans.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative nutritional evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds [Mucuna pruriens(L.) DC. var.utilis(Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticusL.)

Siddhuraju

Becker

2003

Aquaculture Research

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“…The toxic or irritant compounds isolated from Jatropha seeds include curcin, a lectin (Siegel 1893;Felke, 1913;S tirpe et al 1976), flavonoids, vitexine and isovitexine (Mourque et al 1961) and 12-deoxyl-16hydroxyphorbol (Adolf et al 1984). Lectin was thought responsible for the toxicity of Jatropha (Cano-Asseleih, 1986;Cano-Asseleih et al 1989), however, recent reports have shown that lectin is not the major toxic principle in Jatropha curcas meal (Aderibigbe et al 1997;Aregheore et al 1998). The meal of Jatropha curcas has a high activity of trypsin inhibitor and lectin but these can be reduced by heat treatment (Aderibigbe et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats

Aregheore¹,

Becker²,

Makkar³

2003

S. Pac. J. Nat. App. Sci.

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Seeds from a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas (Capo Verde, Nicaragua) were processed, defatted and ground to obtain the meal. The meal was subjected to heat and 14 different chemical treatments to detoxify the meal of lectin and phorbolesters. Heat treatment inactivated lectin, but not phorbolester. One of the treatments reduced phorbolesters to a tolerable level of 0.09 mg/g. The treated meals with other ingredients were used in diets to assess acceptance and nutritive value of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal in two experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 had twelve (12) male weanling rats each, Sprague Dawley strain, 28-30 days old, pre-experimental average body weights of 8379±7.2 and 84.6±6.4 g, respectively. They were divided into three groups according to body weight and fed casein diet (control) and two diets in which Jatropha curcas was the protein source. In experiment 1, the rats accepted diet 1, but did not fully accept diet 2. Food intake, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food transformation index (T1) were significantly better (P<0.05) in diet 1 than in the casein and diet 2. In experiment 2, casein diet was better (P<0.05) in food intake, growth rate, PER and TI than diets 1 and 2. Food intake with Jatropha meal was significantly reduced and the rats had drastic body weight loss (P<0.05) and this might be due to the presence of phorbolesters in the diets. Generally, the presence of phorbolesters in food has significant effect on its acceptance. Jatropha meal obtained from treatment 3 had a crude protein (CP) content of 68%, far higher than the CP content of most oilseed meals (soyabean). This treatment seems a better method of detoxifying Jatropha curcas meal for livestock but in economic terms it is expensive to produce a meal from it.

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“…Furthermore, if eaten by humans, the pods are cooked to inactivate these antinutritional factors (Grant et al , 1982). Lectins are know to be heat labile and their activity can be decreased by heat treatment (Pusztai, 1991; Liener, 1994; Aregheore et al , 1998). Hence, if pigeonpea pods are directly consumed even before the seeds reach maturity, there is always a possibility to inactivate the toxin content by heat treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pod maturity and level of domestication on biochemical components in wild and cultivated pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

Aruna

Rao

Reddy

et al. 2007

Annals of Applied Biology

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Variations in the trypsin inhibitors and lectin content in the developing pods of thirty accessions of Cajanus scarabaeoides, a wild relative of pigeonpea, from wide geographical locations and six cultivated genotypes were estimated at juvenile, immature and mature stages of pod development. Genotypes differed at all three stages for these two biochemical components. Total protein and trypsin inhibitor contents were higher in the wild accessions than in the cultivated genotypes. Although lectin content in the juvenile stage of pod development in the wild accessions ICPW 138 and ICPW 98 was highest, it was absent in the mature pods in both the cultivated and the wild genotypes. Very high broad-sense heritability estimates indicated the possibility of involvement of few genes in the inheritance of these biochemical components, which could be easily introgressed into the elite agronomic background.

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Assessment of lectin activity in a toxic and a non-toxic variety ofJatropha curcas using latex agglutination and haemagglutination methods and inactivation of lectin by heat treatments

Cited by 45 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative nutritional evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds [Mucuna pruriens(L.) DC. var.utilis(Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticusL.)

Comparative nutritional evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds [Mucuna pruriens(L.) DC. var.utilis(Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] on growth performance, feed utilization and body composition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticusL.)

Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats

Influence of pod maturity and level of domestication on biochemical components in wild and cultivated pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)

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