Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Antibody in Women and Children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Study

Mahallawi, Waleed H.; Ibrahim, Nadir A.; Aljohani, Ammar S.; Shaikh, Ehab A.; Nafe, Rayan H.; Khan, Anas M.; Mumena, Walaa A.

doi:10.3390/ijerph18199971

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Our figure is presumed to be inflated with COVID-19 infection cases that happened prior to pregnancy or during lactation. A report from Madinah in Saudi Arabia found that 50.2% of pregnant women were seropositive for COVID-19 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussion Of the Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Pregnant and breastfeeding women comprise a high-risk group for the development of severe COVID-19. Therefore, vaccination is highly recommended for perinatal women; however, vaccination levels for this group remain inadequate. This study explores the percentage of COVID-19 vaccination among Saudi pregnant and lactating women, as well as their attitudes toward it. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey on a sample of Saudi pregnant and breastfeeding women. The study included pregnant and lactating women. Results: The percentage of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was 78.2%. A total of 45 (21.8%) out of 206 women did not receive the vaccine. The overall vaccine hesitancy was 21.8%. Breastfeeding women were 2.86 more likely not to receive the vaccine as compared to pregnant women. Being a mother of over five children increased the vaccine uptake among our participating women (n = 20, 90%; p < 0.01). The majority of the subjects had taken the Pfizer vaccine (81.98%, 132/161). The availability of the COVID-19 vaccine was the most common factor for choosing a particular vaccine. Protection from infection (60.2%, 97/161) was reported as the main driver for vaccine uptake. The most common reason perceived for delaying COVID-19 vaccination was being worried about the side effects (176, 85.44%) on one’s own body and the effects on the unborn child (130, 63.1%). Conclusion: We uncovered high levels of hesitancy, primarily induced by concerns about adverse effects and social media-related misinformation. These high levels of vaccine uptake are likely due to the large-scale obligatory vaccination program provided in Saudi Arabia, which was well-structured and far reaching. Our results provide further support for the so-called “protection motivation theory” in boosting vaccine acceptance. Counseling and educating pregnant and breastfeeding women about COVID-19 vaccination is the need of the hour.

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Section: Discussion Of the Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2023

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“…In this retrospective study, data and serum samples from 283 healthy individuals collected for previous projects [ 16 , 17 ] were used. Male participants (n = 144) were blood donors at the central blood bank in Medina province.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serostatus and Epidemiological Characteristics for Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria among Healthy Individuals in Medina, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study

et al. 2022

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Background: Community-acquired atypical pneumonia is generally a mild and self-limiting infection. Still, it may lead to hospitalization and progressive clinical complications in some cases, particularly among the elderly and individuals with chronic diseases. Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are the community’s main causative agents of atypical pneumonia. However, most published studies evaluated their incidence in the hospital setting, and little is known about their prevalence among healthy individuals. This work aims to assess the seroprevalence of these bacteria among healthy people to determine the status of immunity against these bacteria in the community. Methodology: Two hundred and eighty-three serum samples from a multicenter in Medina, Saudi Arabia, were collected in this study. Serum samples were subjected to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect IgG antibodies against C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, and M. pneumoniae to investigate the seroprevalence of these bacteria and their distribution among different genders and age groups of healthy people. Results: IgG seropositivity for at least one of the three atypical pneumonia-causative bacteria occurred in 85.8% (n= 243/283) of the sample population. IgG seropositivity for C. pneumoniae occurred in 80.6% (228/283) of the population, followed by 37.5% for L. pneumophila and 23% for M. pneumoniae (66/283). In addition, the IgG seropositivity rates for the three bacteria were observed predominantly among male participants. Furthermore, no significant difference in IgG seropositivity distribution occurred between different age groups of healthy people for C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila and M. pneumoniae. Conclusions: The current study found that C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila, and M. pneumoniae tended to be highly prevalent among healthy people and more common among males than females. Additionally, their pattern of distribution among healthy individuals seemed to be predominant among young adults (aged 20–40 years), which differs from their predominant distribution among elderly patients in hospital settings (>50 years).

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“…Signi cantly higher anti-S IgG levels were observed in children than in women. Compared with women, children had higher odds of high SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels (7). Most studies about the level of IgG antibody in COVID-19 patients were related to plasma donations for treatment of COVID-19 patients(8, 9), and screening seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the population during the epidemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the relationship between ABO blood group and Rh with the amount of IgG antibody titers in recovered corona-inflicted patients

Elahimanesh

Ghaderi

Roshani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction : In pandemic of infectious diseases, antibody evaluation and its effective factors are vital to control public health and eradicate the disease. Evaluation of susceptibility to viral infections among people with different blood groups is considered as an epidemiological indicator. This study aimed to evaluate the level of IgG antibodies for COVID-19 patients in ABO blood groups and Rh. Material and Methods This study was performed on 237 recovered corona-inflicted patients. None of these patients had been vaccinated. The level of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody titer was measured. Also, association between IgG antibody titer with RH and blood group types was examined. Results This study showed a significant correlation between IgG levels of individuals with their age. Also, IgG antibody titer was higher in men than women. In addition, patients with an age range of 20 to 60 years compared to individuals under 20 years and over 60 years had higher IgG. There was no significant relationship between blood groups and Rh with the amount of IgG antibody titers. Conclusions Our finding give us a valuable insight into the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody titer as an outstanding marker of COVID-19. Although no significant relationship was found between blood type and RH with the IgG antibody titer level of COVID-19 patients. To understand the prevalence of the disease in the community and its epidemiological control, IgG antibody titer test is recommended to determine the serological level of the community.

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Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Antibody in Women and Children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Saudi Arabia

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Hesitancy among Pregnant and Lactating Women in Saudi Arabia

Serostatus and Epidemiological Characteristics for Atypical Pneumonia Causative Bacteria among Healthy Individuals in Medina, Saudi Arabia, a Retrospective Study

A study of the relationship between ABO blood group and Rh with the amount of IgG antibody titers in recovered corona-inflicted patients

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