“…In addition to the weaknesses of the ESL models, it is well-know that FSDT needs ad hoc shear correction factors to yield accurate results [14,15,16,17,18]. As well-known, CLPT and FSDT perform relatively well in predicting global quantities, such as, transverse displacement, fundamental natural frequency and buckling load for thin and moderately thick laminates that have a relatively low degree of transverse heterogeneity; however, their accuracy diminishes rapidly when they are used to predict the displacement and stress fields in highly heterogeneous and/or thick composite and sandwich laminates [11,19,16,20,21]. Improved predictions can be obtained using higher order through-the-thickness expansions of the displacements and/or stresses [22].…”