Assessment of Smartphone-Based Technology for Remote Environmental Monitoring and Its Development

Abstract

& Many countries are increasing their research on monitoring technology to identify and systematically manage various domestic changes. In particular, the need for remote monitoring is increasing in response to climatic disasters, such as flooding, storms, and rising tides caused by global warming. We developed a smartphone-based environmental monitoring system that enables remote monitoring in any place and at any time. The overall system is composed of a 24-hour smartphonebased imaging system, a monitoring information management system to receive the monitoring information, and stereo image rectification software that provides lens distortion correction, geometric correction, and stereo matching of the monitoring images. The system was developed using the Samsung Galaxy S with the Android OS, as well as open source-based software and other hardware. It is easy to install, control remotely, and monitor the status of imaging devices. We assessed the accuracy of the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors of the smartphone to evaluate the applicability of our environmental monitoring system. The assessment was conducted via survey using metric cameras, a global positioning system receiver, a three-dimensional laser scanner and total station, geometric correction, and digital elevation models generated with camera internal elements, external elements, and ground control points. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the system, and showed that the accuracy of the MEMS sensor and camera calibration have a significant effect on image analysis.

The Coastal Imaging Research Network (CIRN)

“…Early coastal imaging systems, like those developed at Oregon State University, required a fairly expert level of knowledge to collect and process imagery. Over the last decade, the advent of smart phones [17][18][19], action [20][21][22], web-based beach and security cameras [23][24][25][26][27], as well as low-cost, highquality optical imaging from UAS have made coastal imaging more accessible [21,28]. The ubiquity of UAS technology has also made low-cost infra-red sensors more accessible for coastal imaging applications [29,30].…”

Application of Remote Environmental Monitoring Technique to Efficient Management of Beach Litter

“…To obtain accurate levels of beach litter pollution and its time of production, it was necessary to eliminate the geometric distortion and determine the mapping relationship between the pixel coordinates and geographical coordinates. We referred to the geometric distortion correction for camera calibration and GPS investigations in [21] as a basis for this. To correct the distortion, before installing the network cameras at the beach, we used a calibration target and Close-range Digital Workstation (CDW) to calculate the lens characteristics and interior orientation parameters.…”

Feasibility of Using an Automatic Lens Distortion Correction (ALDC) Camera in a Photogrammetric UAV System

“…Accordingly, the most important issue in using a camera for photogrammetric purposes is to correct the distortion, because it shifts the image points locally and causes errors in their position (Lee et al, 2012).…”