Assisted Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steel: Use of Induction and Laser as Preheating Techniques

Álvarez, Ana Iglesias; Cid, Victor; Peña, G.; Sotelo, Jose; Verdera, D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48108-1_13

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Induction assisted FSW (IAFSW) uses electrical inductance to generate heat to soften the workpiece materials. IAFSW has been reported for joining medium strength Aluminium alloy [18] and high strength steel [19,20]. Both researchers in [18 and 19] reported that the downward force was reduced, but mechanical properties in the joints still maintained.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties

Bhukya

Maniscalco

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this research, Copper (Cu) donor material assisted friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061-T6 alloy was studied. Cu assisted FSW joints of AA6061-T6 alloy were prepared at a constant tool rotational rate of 1400 rpm and various welding speeds at 1 mm/s and 3 mm/s. The Cu donor material of different thickness (i.e., 20%, 40%, and 60%) with respect to the workpiece thickness was selected to assist the FSW joining at the plunge stage. It is observed that the downward force generated in the FSW process was gradually decreased after introducing Cu donor material with incremental thicknesses with respect to workpiece at the plunge stage. Post-weld analysis was characterized in terms of microstructure, and mechanical properties. The results of microstructure analysis at the stir zone (SZ) show the formation of finer grains due to dynamic recrystallization and plastic deformation. Micro-hardness tests reveal that the hardness decreased from the base metal (BM) to the SZ across the heat affected zone (HAZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ). The lowest value of hardness appeared in the TMAZ and HAZ where tensile failure occurs. With increasing welding speed, the average hardness in the SZ decreased due to lower heat input and faster cooling rate. Tensile test plots show no significant change in ultimate tensile strength with or without Cu donor material. Fractography of tensile tested samples shows both ductile and brittle like structure for given welding parameters. This proposed work of FSW with Cu donor material is promising to increase tool life due to the decrement of the downforce during plunge and throughout the welding stage. Meanwhile, the inclusion of donor material did not compromise the weld quality in terms of the mechanical properties and micro-hardness.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An improvement was reported in the fatigue behavior of Aluminium lap joints produced by LAFSW [ 2 3]. Alvarez et al also reported the life of a PCBN tool used in the LAFSW of marine grade steel was increased up to several feet [20].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties

Bhukya

Maniscalco

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The coil travels linearly along the weld line at a distance 20 mm ahead of the welding tool during the welding. [52][53][54][55][56] The workpieces act as the electrically conductive material. 53 Induction assisted FSW is a non-contact method of heat treatment.…”

Section: Process and Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the former category, preheating of the workpieces is carried out to soften the material. Thermal methods used for this purpose are electricity, [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] induction, [52][53][54][55][56] laser, 29,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] plasma, 69,70 arc, [71][72][73][74] hot gas stream, 75 gas torch, 76 etc. Electricity and induction are used for resistance heating of the workpieces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary energy assisted friction stir welding – status review

Padhy

Gao

2015

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

105

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The present article introduces the auxiliary energy assisted friction stir welding (FSW) processes purported to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional FSW process. The auxiliary energies used for this purpose are thermal energy from electric resistance heat, induction heat, laser, plasma, arc, etc. and mechanical energy in the form of ultrasonic vibration. The state-of-the-art, experimentation and progresses in these FSW variants are surveyed and compiled. The auxiliary energy assisted FSW processes exhibit great promise by having numerous advantages over the conventional FSW in terms improved process window, heat generation, material flow, reduced load on the tools and mechanical properties of joints. Such remarkable advantages would lead these processes to redefine many global technologies and markets in the twenty-first century. However, these variants are still in their preliminary stages of investigation, and more systematic investigations are necessary for their critical assessment. In this aspect, some unsolved issues and challenges are overlooked.

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“…Many types of thermal energies were used to preheat the workpiece like, electricity, induction, laser, plasma, hot gas stream, gas torch, etc. [18][19][20][21]. Assistance energy helped to go farther in friction stir welding method to joined hard and dissimilar metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing of the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Introducing Alumina Particles

Tashkandi

Al-jarrah

Ibrahim

2017

Advances in Materials Science

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The main aim of this investigation is to produce a welding joint of higher strength than that of base metals. Composite welded joints were produced by friction stir welding process. 6061 aluminum alloy was used as a base metal and alumina particles added to welding zone to form metal matrix composites. The volume fraction of alumina particles incorporated in this study were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 vol% were added on both sides of welding line. Also, the alumina particles were pre-mixed with magnesium particles prior being added to the welding zone. Magnesium particles were used to enhance the bonding between the alumina particles and the matrix of 6061 aluminum alloy. Friction stir welded joints containing alumina particles were successfully obtained and it was observed that the strength of these joints was better than that of base metal. Experimental results showed that incorporating volume fraction of alumina particles up to 6 vol% into the welding zone led to higher strength of the composite welded joints as compared to plain welded joints

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Assisted Friction Stir Welding of Carbon Steel: Use of Induction and Laser as Preheating Techniques

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties

Effect of Copper Donor Material Assisted Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6 Alloy On Downward Force, Microstructure, And Mechanical Properties

Auxiliary energy assisted friction stir welding – status review

Increasing of the Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Joints of 6061 Aluminum Alloy by Introducing Alumina Particles

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