Associated Risk of Death from Covid-19 Infection in Patients with Hypertensive Co-Morbidities

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has left infected patients with comorbidities in severe and deadly conditions. Hypertension is a non-communicable disease (NCD) and is one of the most common comorbidities observed in COVID-19 patients. Purpose: This study aims to understand the relationship between hypertension and the risk of death through COVID-19. Method: The study employed a systematic review of journals. Journals and articles related to hypertension and COVID-19 were collected and analyzed. The inclusion criteria was COVID-19 articles pertaining to hypertensive patients, and the exclusion criteria was articles that did not use English as well as those that did not display full text. Result: Hypertension is a multifactorial disease. The presence of hypertension is often not realized by the sufferer. A COVID-19 infection can worsen the condition of the person and can cause damage to vital organs. The use of antihypertensive drugs of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) groups can be continued to be administered to hypertensive patients. There should be no cause for concern for these patients to develop COVID-19 infections by taking these drugs. Conclusion: The risk of developing hypertension is that it can cause organ damage and lead to various complications. The SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with hypertension as a comorbidity, could worsen the condition of the individual until death occurs. Thus, hypertension management is necessary to properly minimize the severity.

Forecasting of Covid–19 With Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (Arima) Method in East Java Province

“…The high level of comorbidities experienced by patients also results in a high death rate. This is supported by research that states that comorbidities experienced by sufferers are one of the factors that can cause death (16,17).…”

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“…Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus normally require further pharmacological treatment due to the presence of several co-morbidities. One of such examples is the use of antacids for gastro-esophageal reflux diseases by the diabetic patients (Widyasari et al, 2021). Multiple pharmacological therapies, at one hand, decrease the risk of other disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, on other hand, increase the chances of interactions and adverse drug events.…”

Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in patients with asthma, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus

“…Awareness of these risk factors may help identify COVID-19 patients at increased risk, allowing for a more targeted and specific approach to prevent death [ 15 ]. In addition, individuals with uncontrolled medical conditions such as hypertension, DM, liver, lung, and kidney disease, transplant recipients, smokers, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and chronic steroid users are at an increased risk of COVID-19 infection [ 14 , 16 ].…”