Association between daily cigarette consumption and hypertension moderated by CYP2A6 genotypes in Chinese male current smokers

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess whether cytochrome P450 enzyme 2A6 (CYP2A6) genotypes moderate the association between smoking and hypertension. In this study, 954 Chinese male current smokers from a community-based chronic disease screening project in Guangzhou were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about socio-demographic status, smoking and other health-related behaviors. Blood was collected for DNA extraction and CYP2A6 genotyping. Hypertension was defined according to 2007 ESH-ESC Practice Guidelines. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the interaction between smoking quantity and CYP2A6 genotypes on hypertension after adjusting for age, education level and other potential confounders. Multivariate analyses indicated that smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day significantly increased the risk of hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.21-2.10) compared with smoking 1-15 cigarettes per day, and further suggested that smoking interacted with normal CYP2A6 metabolizer genotype to increase the risk of hypertension. Smokers consuming more than 15 cigarettes per day with normal CYP2A6 metabolizer genotypes had the highest risk of hypertension (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.11-3.75) compared with those consuming 1-15 cigarettes per day with slower CYP2A6 metabolizer genotypes. These findings demonstrated that smoking quantity was positively associated with hypertension and that CYP2A6 genotypes may moderate this relationship.

The association between smoking quantity and hypertension mediated by inflammation in Chinese current smokers

“…Moreover, it is well known that hypertension is a complex chronic disease caused by environmental and genetic factors, and several previous studies demonstrated interactions between smoking and genetic variables to produce hypertension [50,51]. Therefore, our findings also raise the possibility that inflammatory markers can mediate the interaction between smoking and genetic factors on hypertension.…”

“…First, genetic mechanisms may be involved in the link between smoking and hypertension. Our recent study discovered that the genotypes of CYP2A6, an enzyme responsible for most nicotine metabolism, appeared to moderate the association between smoking and hypertension [50]. Several other studies also demonstrated gene by environment interactions [51]; however, it was notable that the environmental influences in these studies were not well characterized.…”

Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among transport workers in South India

“…Liu et al studied the association between cigarette consumption and hypertension, and demonstrated that smoking quantity was positively associated with hypertension. 15 Consumption of alcohol was evaluated as an independent risk factor for development of hypertension, among the total hypertensive participants, 103 (82.4%) had consumed alcohol in the previous month and 22 (17.6%) had not. A significant association between consumption of alcohol and the outcome of hypertension was found in the current study.…”

Increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with associated risk factors in a mine-based workforce, Democratic Republic of Congo

“…Smoking, especially 10 or more cigarettes daily, increased the risk of hypertension in our study population. In China, the risk of hypertension in adults increased with the use of ≥15 cigarettes per day [44]. Tobacco is a well-known major risk factor for NCDs [11] and its role in the occurrence of hypertension and CVD is well established [45][46][47].…”