Association between dietary carbohydrate quality and the prevalence of obesity and hypertension

Kim, D.‐Y.; Kim, S. H.; Lim, Hyunjung

doi:10.1111/jhn.12559

Cited by 41 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In our study, total fat intake has increased, and there is a possibility that the proportion of saturated fat in total fat intake increased. Kim et al reported that dietary carbohydrate quality was associated with the prevalence of hypertension among Korean adults using data from the 5th KNHANES . More detailed data collection and subsequent analysis of dietary risk factors are necessary in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Cho

Kim

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) among US children and adolescents has reportedly declined over the past decade. As no Korean data have been analyzed, we aimed to determine recent trends in BP levels among Korean children and adolescents. This study examines data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey segregated into 3 time periods (2007‐2009, 2010‐2012, and 2013‐2015). A total of 7804 Korean children and adolescents aged 10‐18 years were included in the analysis. Hypertension (≥95th percentile) and elevated BP (>90th percentile) were defined using the sex‐, age‐, and height‐specific BP standards from 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines. Mean systolic BP from 2007‐2009 to 2013‐2015 increased by 3.9 mm Hg, and there was no significant change in diastolic BP. Body mass index (BMI) z‐scores significantly increased in the total population from 2007‐2009 to 2013‐2015. In 2013‐2015, the prevalence rates of elevated BP and hypertension were 8.8% and 9.0%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension in 2013‐2015 increased in the total population compared with those in 2007‐2009, especially in the obese subgroup, in which the hypertension prevalence was 27.7% in 2013‐2015. The prevalence of elevated BP increased during these time period. Associated factors were sex, age, BMI z‐score, and survey period for elevated BP; and sex, age, and BMI z‐score for hypertension. During our study, mean systolic BP increased, and the prevalence of hypertension in 2013‐2015 increased in the pediatric population. A possible influencing factor is obesity, and further long‐term data are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Cho

Kim

2020

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…However, excessive amounts of carbohydrates intake can give negative impact on people’s health, longevity, and sustainability [ 37 ]. Moreover, dietary carbohydrates quality measured by dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, dietary fibre, and whole grains may play a more important role in population health than that amount [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Therefore, the difference in types and quality of carbohydrates intake between income groups should be put emphasis on further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Income-Related Inequality in Daily Nutrients Intake: A Longitudinal Analysis from China

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Because of economic reform, dietary pattern in China changed rapidly during the past two decades. Meanwhile, the changes of income and nutrients intake had the same trend. This study aims to measure the income-related inequality in daily nutrients intake and its health-related income mobility over time. Data was sourced from four waves of China Health and Nutrition Survey. Concentration indexes and health-related income mobility indexes were employed to measure the income-related inequality of nutrients intake and its change over time. This study found that the daily protein intake, daily fat intake, daily energy intake, and proportion of energy from fat over 30% were more concentrated on the rich, whereas daily carbohydrates intake among the poor. The income-related inequalities were more severe than the cross-sectional perspective in the long run. The dynamic change of urbanisation indexes has resulted that over 30% of energy from fat was more concentrated among the rich and carbohydrates intake among the poor. The nutrition transition may bring about more severe disease economic burden to the poor in the future. This study recommends an approach to minimize gaps between rural and city areas by promoting rural revitalization to reduce the income-related inequality in daily nutrient intake.

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“…After these exclusions, 277 complete datasets per person were used in the analysis to establish the relationship between CQI and obesity/overweight. The weighted daily dietary GIs were calculated using the suggested formula: Weighted GI=∑(carbohydrate content of food item (CHOi) × GIi/daily total food carbohydrate content; where CHOi is each food’s carbohydrate content, GIi is each food’s GI and GIi is the GI value for the food 15. The GL value was calculated for each participant by multiplying the carbohydrate content in grams obtained from the portion of food consumed by the corresponding GI of that food divided by 100.…”

Section: Methods and Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study13 defined Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) by taking into account dietary fibre intake, GI, whole grains-to-total grains ratio and solid carbohydrate to total carbohydrates. The inverse association between CQI and obesity/overweight has been shown in one prospective study14 and in a cross-sectional study in adults 15. However, both of these studies assessed only general obesity based on body mass index (BMI) criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesThe relationships between carbohydrate intake and risk of obesity have been widely investigated. However, there are limited data on the associations between their relative proportions and quality contained in the same diet on risk of obesity, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between an overall Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI) and general and abdominal obesity in women.Setting and participantsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 277 women in Ghana were analysed. Dietary information was obtained from 2-day 24 hours dietary recalls. CQI was calculated from the four indices dietary fibre, Glycaemic Index, whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio.Outcome measuresBody mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and Conicity Index were measured.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, the chance for general obesity (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65) and abdominal obesity measured by WC (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.58) were significantly lower in the topmost quintile of CQI in comparison with the lowest quintile. In addition, the OR for higher WHtR (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.69) was significantly lower among participants in the fifth quintile of CQI compared with those in the first quintile.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that there is an inverse association between dietary CQI and both general and abdominal obesity. These findings suggest that CQI may be used for the improvement of dietary intake to prevent obesity.

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Association between dietary carbohydrate quality and the prevalence of obesity and hypertension

Abstract: These results suggest that the quality of carbohydrates consumed is associated with the risk of obesity and hypertension. However, the cross-sectional design does not preclude reverse causality.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Secular trends in hypertension and elevated blood pressure among Korean children and adolescents in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007‐2015

Changing Income-Related Inequality in Daily Nutrients Intake: A Longitudinal Analysis from China

Association between Carbohydrate Quality Index and general and abdominal obesity in women: a cross-sectional study from Ghana

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