2021
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010156
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Association between Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Measured Kidney Injury Markers and Urinary Cadmium Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract: Cadmium exposure is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the optimal biomarker for early cadmium-associated nephrotoxicity in low-level exposure has not yet been established. We conducted a cross-sectional investigation involving 167 CKD patients stratified according to tertiles of urinary cadmium levels (UCd), in which enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-measured novel renal biomarkers were utilized to assess the extent of renal injury associated with cadmium burden. In the analyses, urinar… Show more

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Cited by 15 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…In addition to these two risk factors, we have found the measure of long-term exposure to Cd (E Cd /E cr ) to be another independent risk factor of CKD ( Table 3 ). An association between low environmental Cd exposure and a decrease in eGFR to levels commensurate with CKD has been observed in population-based studies in the U.S. [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], Taiwan [ 35 ] and Korea [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…In addition to these two risk factors, we have found the measure of long-term exposure to Cd (E Cd /E cr ) to be another independent risk factor of CKD ( Table 3 ). An association between low environmental Cd exposure and a decrease in eGFR to levels commensurate with CKD has been observed in population-based studies in the U.S. [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ], Taiwan [ 35 ] and Korea [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…KIM1 is found in the urine only after tubular injury has occurred [ 32 , 35 ]. An association between the excretion of Cd and KIM1 was noted in Taiwanese subjects with CKD after adjusting for covariates [ 16 ]. No correlation was found between excretion of Cd and protein, thereby suggesting that urinary KIM1 levels could serve as an early warning sign of kidney injury due to low-dose Cd exposure.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to these figures, environmental Cd exposure levels in the U.S. could be considered to be low. Cd exposure, measured as E Cd , was associated with eGFR reductions in studies from Taiwan, Myanmar and Thailand [ 16 , 17 , 41 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…And Cd in excess of the treatment range will severely damage the function of the glomerulus, bringing about a series of health problems. Studies have pointed out that the kidneys will undergo fibrosis and even necrosis if glomeruli fail to function ( 86 , 87 ).…”
Section: The Possible Harm Of CD Exposure To the Bodymentioning
confidence: 99%