Association between self-perceived body image and body composition between the sexes and different age classes

Background To verify (1) the association between classic and specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) with body composition, hydration, and physical performance in older adults with and without sarcopenia; (2) which BIVA most accurately distinguishes sarcopenia. Methods A sample of 94 older adults with and without sarcopenia (29 men and 65 women, 60–85 years) was evaluated. The classic and specific BIVA procedures, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and deuterium dilution were performed. Sarcopenia was defined by muscle weakness and low skeletal muscle index, while severity was indicated by low physical performance. Results The BIVA's potential to monitor hydration and muscle mass loss in older adults seems feasible. Classic and specific BIVA were able to distinguish sarcopenia in women (p < 0.001), but not in men. When the sarcopenia criteria were individually analyzed, both classic and specific BIVA were able to distinguish low skeletal muscle index in women, while only classic BIVA did for men. For the criterion of slow physical performance, only the classic BIVA showed severity differences for women. The vectors of adults without sarcopenia of both sexes tended to be positioned in the left region of the ellipses, revealing a predominance of soft tissues. Conclusions Classic BIVA has a distinct sarcopenic association with body composition, hydration, and physical performance in older adults, while specific BIVA was similar between groups. Both BIVAs are sensible to detect female morphological changes (skeletal muscle index) but not for functional (handgrip, 6-min walk test) sarcopenia criteria. These procedures are promising tools for monitoring sarcopenia risks during aging.

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“…Note that segment area = C 2 /4π, and C is the circumference of the arm, waist, and calf in centimeters [ 23 , 32 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that segment area = C 2 /4π, and C is the circumference of the arm, waist, and calf in centimeters [23,32] The coefficients were assigned considering the different contribution of body segments to resistance and the proportions of total body length. Italian older adults' bioelectrical values [33] were used as reference.…”

Section: Bioelectrical Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Association between classic and specific bioimpedance vector analysis and sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Rossini-Venturini

Abdalla

Fassini

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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“…In girls, fat mass increases more rapidly than in boys during adolescence. Important variations in body composition, which are influenced by age and sex, and which include BMI, subcutaneous fat and relative fat distribution [31,[62][63][64] can be sources of dissatisfaction in body image perception.…”

Section: Association Between Anthropometric Change and Body Image Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body image perception and body composition in early adolescents: a longitudinal study of an Italian cohort

et al. 2021

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Background Adolescence is a sensitive period of life in which everyone faces physical and psychological changes. No longitudinal studies considering changes in body image perception and body composition in Italian adolescents have been carried out. The aims of this study were to evaluate the longitudinal change in body composition and weight status in a sample of Italian students of both sexes over the 3 years of middle school and to analyse the influence of these parameters on the perception and satisfaction of one’s own body image. Methods Sixty-four males and seventy females were followed longitudinally from 11 to 14. Age at first measurement was 11.8 ± 0.3 yrs. in males and 11.9 ± 0.3 yrs. in females, then the students were measured again after 1 year and 2 years. Anthropometric measurements were collected and body composition was assessed by skinfolds. Maturity status was detected by age at menarche in females and by estimated age at peak height velocity in males; sports practice was assessed by a questionnaire. Body Silhouette Charts were used to assess body image perception. The degree of body image dissatisfaction and improper perception of weight status were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied. Results Height, sitting height, leg length, and weight increments were higher in males than in females, and in both sexes the sitting height increment was higher than that of leg length. Skinfold thicknesses and percentage of body fat, showed a decrease in males and an increase in females over the 3 years. About 90% of the sample practiced sport during the 3 years. No significant variations in body image perception were observed among repeated measures but significantly differences were observed between sexes. Although the girls showed a lower incidence of overweight and obesity than boys, girls had a higher dissatisfaction than males. Males were less accurate in one’s perception of one’s own weight status. Conclusions The changes in body composition observed in the sample of the present study were in accordance with their maturity stage. An increase in parameters connected with adiposity is observed in females and a decrease in males. Body image perception did not seem to change with growth, but associations were found between body image perception and BMI and sex. Monitoring body image perception in young adolescents, especially in females and in overweight/obese subjects, is a priority to prevent nutritional disorders.

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“…Restrictive diets [ 15 , 16 ], less participation in physical activities [ 17 ], and the consumption of fitness supplements (e.g., protein and caffeine products) and pharmacological substances (e.g., anabolic steroids and diuretics) for body change [ 18 , 19 ] have been associated with excessive body image concern. Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of body fat and higher body mass index (BMI) are also more concerned about their body [ 20 , 21 ]. Therefore, studying the relationship of personal characteristics with the degree of attention to body shape and social physical anxiety is relevant to identify which groups need special care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Attention to Body Shape, Social Physique Anxiety, and Personal Characteristics of Brazilians: A Structural Equation Model

Silva

Teixeira

Marôco

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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People can develop eating disorders due to excessive body image concerns. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between attention to body shape, social physique anxiety, and personal characteristics in a sample of Brazilians. The secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation of the constructs with the participants’ body composition. First, 1795 individuals (70% female; Mage = 25.5 ± 6.6 years) completed the Attention to Body Shape Scale, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Then, 286 participants (58% female; Mage = 25.3 ± 5.7 years) underwent a bioimpedance exam to identify body composition. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. The greater the attention to body shape, the greater the expectations of negative physical evaluation and the less comfort with physical presentation. Younger age, female gender, consumption of supplements/substances for body change, restrictive diets, physical inactivity, poor self-assessment of food quality, and overweight/obesity were related to negative body concerns. An expectation of negative physical evaluation was positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass. Comfort with physical presentation was negatively correlated with fat and positively with muscle. These results can support preventive strategies aimed at reducing eating disorders resulting from body image concerns.

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Association between self-perceived body image and body composition between the sexes and different age classes

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Association between classic and specific bioimpedance vector analysis and sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Association between classic and specific bioimpedance vector analysis and sarcopenia in older adults: a cross-sectional study

Body image perception and body composition in early adolescents: a longitudinal study of an Italian cohort

Relationship between Attention to Body Shape, Social Physique Anxiety, and Personal Characteristics of Brazilians: A Structural Equation Model

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