Association between simple renal cyst and kidney damage in a Chinese cohort study

Abstract

Background: The presence of simple renal cyst (SRC) has been associated to renal dysfunction, but the results were inconsistent. Accordingly, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study to explore the association between SRC and kidney damage. Methods: A total of 4274 adults (aged 45.4 ± 13.6 years) without chronic kidney disease at baseline were enrolled in 2008. SRC was assessed by ultrasonography. Logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the relationships between SRC and indicators of kidney damage (proteinuria and renal insufficiency), and also with relatively rapid decline in renal function (defined as the lowest quartile of △eGFR). Results: During 5 years of follow-up, participants in the SRC group had higher incidence of proteinuria (5.2% versus 2.4%, p = 0.004) and renal insufficiency (3.8% versus 0.97%, p < 0.001) compared with control group. SRC was correlated with proteinuria (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.34–3.75) and renal insufficiency (OR 4.0; 95% CI 2.11–7.58) in univariable analysis, despite that the correlation was not significant after adjusted for traditional kidney disease risk factors. Furthermore, after adjusted for potential confounders, maximum diameter of the cyst (≥2.2 cm) was significantly associated with rapid decline in renal function (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.24–3.87). Conclusions: Participants with SRC may be associated with higher incidence of proteinuria and renal insufficiency. This relationship may be obscured by age and other traditional risk factors. Higher diameter of the cysts contributed to more rapid decline in renal function of SRC participants.

The Relationship Between Simple Renal Cysts and Renal Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

“…Logistic analysis showed that the SRC was associated with eGFR > 105.21 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , even after adjusting for confounders. A study in a healthy population with follow up data indicated that participants with SRC had a higher incidence of proteinuria and renal insufficiency, which was similar to our results (Chen et al, 2019). Due to age and renal function are closely related (O'Sullivan et al, 2017), we analyzed the renal function and SRCs after stratifying patients by age to address the potential confounding effect of age.…”

“…The risk of chronic kidney failure in patients with renal cysts is 1.5 times higher than that in patients without renal cysts (Al-Said and O'Neill, 2003). Studies in the Chinese population show that participants with SRC were more susceptible to proteinuria and renal insufficiency and that the maximum diameter of the cyst contributed to the decline in renal function (Kong et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019). Based on these data, SRCs are common renal diseases that potentially result in a decrease in renal function.…”

Prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of renal dysfunction in Chinese outpatients with growth simple renal cysts

“…To our best knowledge, the current study had the largest SRC sample size in Chinese outpatients. We found higher rate of renal dysfunction compared with another Chinese research after follow-up (15.6% vs. 3.8%) [2]. Such difference may be related to the source of patients.…”

“…It found allograft functions were both normal in cyst group and non-cyst group, but cysts in donor kidney could affect allograft function, and cystic donors had more sclerotic glomeruli than non-cyst group. Other researches declared that SRCs were associated with higher incidence of proteinuria, increased serum creatinine and decreased eGFR [2][3][4]. All the above showed negative effects of SRCs on renal function.…”

“…Clinical studies have proved that simple renal cysts (SRCs) (Bosniak I) might be correlated with renal dysfunction. SRC patients showed higher incidence of proteinuria, increased serum creatinine and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [2][3][4], and patients with larger cysts tended to be associated with hypertension and rapid decline in renal function [2,5].…”