Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as the inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses over 12 weeks, occurring in 11%-12% of adults in Europe and the United States, 1 and approximately 8% of adults in China and Korea. 2,3 CRS frequently presents with other inflammatory airway conditions such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), and imposes huge global health and economic burdens. 1,2 CRS is a highly heterogeneous disorder with diverse inflammatory profiles. [4][5][6] Based on endoscopic examination finding, CRS is clinically subclassified into CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). 4,5 Studies in Caucasian patients have shown that CRSwNP is characterized by type 2 (T2) [high interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IgE expression] and eosinophilic inflammation, whereas CRSsNP is primarily characterized by type 1 (T1) [high interferon (IFN)γ expression] and type 3 (T3) (high IL-17A expression) inflammation. 1,4,6 Conventional anti-inflammatory treatments of CRS include intranasal and systemic corticosteroids. 1,4 Endoscopic sinus surgery is considered when medical therapy fails. 1,4 However, it has been shown that approximately 20% of CRSsNP and 40% of CRSwNP patients relapse 1-2 years after surgery. [7][8][9] Eosinophilic inflammation and T2 immune response have been identified as important risk factors for disease relapse in CRS patients, 1,4,6,10,11 thus stimulating the study of T2 biologics in Caucasian patients with severe CRSwNP. Four multicentre and international phase 3 trials have demonstrated promising effect of omalizumab (anti-IgE), dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα), mepolizumab (anti-IL-5) and benralizumab (anti-IL-5Rα) in reducing nasal polyp (NP) size and relieving symptoms in patients with refectory and severe CRSwNP. [12][13][14][15]