Association of maternal intake of nitrate and risk of birth defects and preterm birth: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Nitrate contamination in drinking water and adverse reproductive and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Two previous systematic reviews have assessed the association between maternal nitrate intake and risk of neural tube defects 30 , and between maternal intake of nitrate and risk of birth defects and preterm birth 31 . They reported no association between maternal nitrate intake and the risk of preterm birth, limb deficiency, cleft lip, and neural tube defects through high versus low meta-analysis.…”

“…Several epidemiological studies in humans have reported an association between prenatal nitrate exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes, including congenital abnormalities, preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants 13 , 26 – 29 . Two previous systematic reviews have assessed the association between maternal nitrate intake and risk of neural tube defects 30 , birth defects, and preterm birth 31 , but the exposures included nitrate intake from food and drugs as well as drinking water.…”

Dietary Nitrate from Plant Foods: A Conditionally Essential Nutrient for Cardiovascular Health

“…This distinction is paramount for the consideration of dietary nitrate specifically from plant-based food sources as a conditionally essential nutrient. Table 3 [ [128] , [129] , [130] , [131] , [132] , [133] , [134] , [135] , [136] , [137] , [138] , [139] , [140] ] presents meta-analyses on exposure to nitrate and nitrite and health risks published in the last 10 y. These meta-analyses included, on average, 23 studies that estimated nitrate and nitrite exposure using dietary assessment tools (for example, food frequency questionnaires) and food composition databases.…”