Associations Between Marijuana Use and Involuntary Job Loss in the United States

Okechukwu, Cassandra A.; Molino, Janine; Soh, Yenee

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001463

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Two hypotheses can be made to explain this association. The first is that the desire to reduce cannabis use may be the result of losing one's job because of cannabis use ( 26 , 27 ). The second is that unemployed persons may desire to cut down on cannabis-related expenditures because of financial difficulties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “Good” Smoke? The Off-Label Use of Cannabidiol to Reduce Cannabis Use

Fortin¹,

Beo

Massin

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundAlthough cannabis use is common in France, it is still criminalized. Cannabidiol (CBD) products, including CBD-rich cannabis, are legally available. Although previous results suggested that CBD may have benefits for people with cannabis use disorder, there is a lack of data on cannabis users who use CBD to reduce their cannabis consumption. We aimed to identify (i) correlates of this motive, and (ii) factors associated with successful attempts to reduce cannabis use.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey among French-speaking CBD and cannabis users was conducted. Logistic regressions were performed to identify correlates of using CBD to reduce cannabis consumption and correlates of reporting a large reduction.ResultsEleven percent (n = 105) of our study sample reported they primarily used CBD to reduce cannabis consumption. Associated factors included smoking tobacco cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] 2.17 [1.3–3.62], p = 0.003) and drinking alcohol (aOR [95%CI] 1.8 [1.02–3.18], p = 0.042). Of these 105, 83% used CBD-rich cannabis to smoke, and 58.7% reported a large reduction in cannabis consumption. This large reduction was associated with non-daily cannabis use (aOR [95%CI] 7.14 [2.4–20.0], p < 0.001) and daily CBD use (aOR [95%CI] 5.87 [2.09–16.47], p = 0.001). A reduction in cannabis withdrawal symptoms thanks to CBD use was the most-cited effect at play in self-observed cannabis reduction.ConclusionsCannabis use reduction is a reported motive for CBD use—especially CBD-rich cannabis to smoke—in France. More studies are needed to explore practices associated with this motive and to accurately assess CBD effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “Good” Smoke? The Off-Label Use of Cannabidiol to Reduce Cannabis Use

Fortin¹,

Beo

Massin

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Researchers have used different statistical analyses (e.g., descriptive statistics [ 29 ], logistic regression analysis [ 34 ], etc. ), different diagnostic criteria and manuals (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), International Classification of Disorders (ICD); Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview [ 35 ], Diagnostic Interview Schedule [ 36 ], Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) for DSM-IV [ 25 , 37 , 38 ], etc. ), and different definitions of substance-use patterns (e.g., binge drinking, heavy drinking, hazardous drinking [ 27 , 39 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unemployment and Substance Use: An Updated Review of Studies from North America and Europe

et al. 2023

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Since the industrial revolution, the relationship between unemployment and psychiatric disorders has been a subject of high interest. Currently, regarding the correlation between unemployment and substance-use disorders (SUDs), only older, often isolated and fragmented research results are available in the literature. This review was based on an extensive literature search of the European and North American literature in most relevant databases for “unemployment” and “substance use” related to “drugs”, “alcohol”, “nicotine”, and “tobacco” between November 2022 and January 2023, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. A total of 59,117 papers were identified, of which only 33 articles were identified as relevant to the research objective. The literature showed significantly higher prevalence rates of SUDs involving divergent psychotropic substances among unemployed people. Unemployment was found to be a risk factor for SUD, and vice versa. However, the correlation between unemployment and relapses or smoking cessation was inconsistent. In addition, there appeared to be a mild effect of business cycles on SUD. The results showed significant multifaceted correlations between unemployment and SUD, indicating that prevention and early intervention are required to prevent harmful psychosocial consequences, such as social disintegration and severe psychiatric disorders.

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“…In addition, people may be more at risk of not seeking treatment for mental health and marijuana use because of the fear of being fined, felony charges, or losing a driver’s license because it is not legal in all states, Tennessee being one of them 41,42 . People may face job loss, ineligibility for participation in sports, or school suspension/expulsion if found to use or possess marijuana, thus worsening their mental health 43 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Financial Barriers to Healthcare Access and Mental Health Outcomes in Tennessee

Ahuja

Cimilluca

Stamey

et al. 2023

Southern Medical Journal

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Objectives: A large number of people cannot afford healthcare services in the United States. Researchers have studied the impact of lack of affordability of health care on the outcomes of various physical conditions. Mental health disorders have emerged as a major public health challenge during the past decade. The lack of affordability of health care also may contribute to the burden of mental health. This research focuses on the association between financial barriers to health care and mental health outcomes in the US state of Tennessee. Methods:We used cross-sectional data contained in the 2019 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We extracted data for the state of Tennessee, which included 6242 adults aged 18 years or older. Multinomial regression analyses were conducted to test the association between not being able to see a doctor with the number of mentally unhealthy days during the past month. We coded the outcome as a three-level variable, ≥20 past-month mentally unhealthy days, 1 to 20 past-month mentally unhealthy days, and 0 past-month mentally unhealthy days. The covariates examined included self-reported alcohol use, self-reported marijuana use, and other demographic variables.Results: Overall, 11.0% of participants reported ≥20 past-month mentally unhealthy days and 24.0% reported 1 to 20 past-month mentally unhealthy days. More than 13% of study participants reported they could not see a doctor because of the cost in the past 12 months. The inability to see a doctor because of the cost of care was associated with a higher risk of ≥20 past-month mentally unhealthy days (relative risk ratio 3.18; 95% confidence interval 2.57-3.92, P < 0.001) and 1 to 19 past-month mentally unhealthy days (relative risk ratio 1.94; 95% confidence interval 1.63-2.32, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Statistically significant associations were observed between the inability to see a doctor when needed because of cost and increased days of poorer mental health outcomes. This research has potential policy implications in the postcoronavirus disease 2019 era with healthcare transformation and significant financial impact.

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Associations Between Marijuana Use and Involuntary Job Loss in the United States

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

A “Good” Smoke? The Off-Label Use of Cannabidiol to Reduce Cannabis Use

A “Good” Smoke? The Off-Label Use of Cannabidiol to Reduce Cannabis Use

Unemployment and Substance Use: An Updated Review of Studies from North America and Europe

Association between Financial Barriers to Healthcare Access and Mental Health Outcomes in Tennessee

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