Associations Between Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese General Population, Findings on Overweight and Non-Overweight Individuals Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study

Irie, Fujiko; Iso, Hiroyasu; Noda, Hiroyuki; Sairenchi, Toshimi; Otaka, Emiko; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Doi, Mikio; Izumi, Yasukatsu; Ota, Hitoshi

doi:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0442

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Multivariable HRs for metabolic syndrome (MetS) defined from the modified Japanese definition 21 were adjusted for age, sex, community, high nonHDL-C, atrial fibrillation, and smoking and drinking status. We calculated the population attributable from those of the World Health Organization Expert Committee, 18 as previously reported in detail.…”

Section: Health Checkup Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels　― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

Kitamura

Yamagishi

Imano

et al. 2017

Circ J

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on behalf of the CIRCS InvestigatorsBackground: In Japan, a community-based screening program for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been effective in preventing stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study aimed to clarify which risk factors assessed at the screening examinations affect the incidence of CVD and the magnitude of the association after the late 1990 s. Methods and Results:We conducted a 12.5-year prospective study of 10,612 Japanese residents aged 40-74 years between 1995 and 2000, initially free of CVD and who underwent the screening examinations. During the follow-up, 364 cases of stroke and 137 cases of CAD were identified. The population attributable fraction of stroke was the largest for hypertension (HT; 46%), while the relative risk of stroke was the highest for atrial fibrillation (multivariable hazard ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-8.3). The population attributable fraction of CAD was relatively large for HT, current smoking, and high non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (20-29%). A dose-response relationship was found between the incidence of these cardiovascular events and the number of comorbid hypertensive subclinical organ damage markers: funduscopic changes, ST-T changes on ECG at rest, proteinuria and low estimated glomerular filtration rate.Conclusions: HT and hypertensive subclinical organ damage are significantly associated with incident stroke and CAD at the population level, suggesting that management of HT and assessment of subclinical organ damage in hypertensive subjects at a screening program are still beneficial for community-based CVD prevention.

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Section: Health Checkup Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels　― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

Kitamura

Yamagishi

Imano

et al. 2017

Circ J

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“…Whether MetS can predict the risk of CVD and which diagnostic criterion is most applicable are controversial issues, but there seems to be a considerable degree of agreement that each component of MetS is a significant risk factor for CVD and associated mortality 1,2,8,29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The world-wide prevalence of MetS has been reported to be very high, which is in accordance with the increasing prevalence of obesity. However, this seems to be dependent on race, with lower incidences of MetS observed in the Asian population [5][6][7][8][9] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of hormone therapy on metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal Korean women

Kim

Kim²,

Lee

et al. 2011

Climacteric

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“…11,12 A total of 38 of the 85 municipalities in the prefecture were included in this study. The participation rate for health checkups was 36.4% in these areas and was similar to the rate for the Ibaraki prefecture overall in 1993 (35.8%).…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term exposure to elevated blood pressure and mortality from cardiovascular disease in a Japanese population: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study

et al. 2010

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High blood pressure (BP) has been well established as a leading risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and mortality in general. However, the effect of long-term exposure to elevated BP on mortality risks in Asian populations remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of time-averaged BP levels over 5 years on subsequent cardiovascular disease mortalities in a Japanese population. A total of 46 484 adults (14 771 men and 31 713 women) aged 40-79 years, who had no history of stroke or heart disease and who underwent health checkups in Ibaraki prefecture, Japan, in 1993 and 1998 were followed up through 2005. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model. Multivariate HRs (95% confidence interval) associated with a 10 mm Hg increase in systolic BP were measured in 1993 and 1998, and their averages were 1.11 (1.05-1.16), 1.13 (1.07-1.18) and 1.17 (1.10-1.27), respectively. Multivariate HRs for a 10 mm Hg increase in time-averaged systolic BP were 1.12 (1.03-1.21) in men and 1.24 (1.13-1.35) in women. The subgroup analysis of antihypertensive use showed that multivariate HRs for time-averaged systolic BP were 1.20 (1.11-1.29) in sustained non-users and 1.17 (1.04-1.32) in sustained users. Similar results were also obtained for diastolic BP. In conclusion, long-term exposure to elevated BP substantially associates with excess risk for cardiovascular disease mortality among Japanese subjects, irrespective of antihypertensive medication use. Thus, appropriate management of BP is important in both users and non-users of antihypertensive medication. Keywords: antihypertensive medication use; cardiovascular disease; mortality; prospective cohort study; time-averaged blood pressure INTRODUCTION Elevated blood pressure (BP) is one of the major risk factors for mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause comorbidity worldwide. [1][2][3][4] The excess risk for CVD and all-cause mortalities was substantially attributed to hypertension when compared with normal BP levels. 3 Therefore, management of hypertension is of utmost importance, not only in clinical practice but also in public health practice.Atherosclerotic vascular disease evolves slowly and is undoubtedly related to the cumulative exposure of individuals to CVD risk factors over a lifetime. 5 High BP is a typical example of such a lifelong exposure. Consequently, previous investigations analyzing the relationship of BP to CVD mortality risk might be limited by a failure to effectively characterize or adequately quantify long-term vascular exposure. Some previous investigations have highlighted the importance of BP levels over time on incidence risk for CVD. The

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Associations Between Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese General Population, Findings on Overweight and Non-Overweight Individuals Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels　― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels　― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

The effects of hormone therapy on metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal Korean women

Long-term exposure to elevated blood pressure and mortality from cardiovascular disease in a Japanese population: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study

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Associations Between Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality From Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese General Population, Findings on Overweight and Non-Overweight Individuals Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels ― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels ― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

The effects of hormone therapy on metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal Korean women

Long-term exposure to elevated blood pressure and mortality from cardiovascular disease in a Japanese population: the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels　― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―

Impact of Hypertension and Subclinical Organ Damage on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Japanese Residents at the Population and Individual Levels　― The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS) ―