Associations of Maternal Milk Feeding With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 7 Years of Age in Former Preterm Infants

Belfort, Mandy B.; Knight, Emma; Chandarana, Shikha; Ikem, Emmanuella; Gould, Jacqueline F; Collins, Carmel T; Makrides, Maria; Gibson, Robert; Anderson, Peter J.; Simmer, Karen; Tiemeier, Henning; Rumbold, Alice

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21608

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Preterm infants are more susceptible to neurodevelopmental deficits into childhood, which result from brain injuries occurring around the time of birth as well as impaired brain maturation while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Preterm infants who are fed human milk, however, have improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in the NICU, particularly preterm infants born <30 weeks of gestation [ 43 ]. Moreover, quantitative MRI studies of the preterm brain demonstrate that human milk feeding is associated with more mature cerebral white matter, less injury, and larger regional volumes, providing potential pathways to better neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population [ 10 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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The objective of this narrative review was to synthesize the literature on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in human milk-fed infants. We conducted a scoping review of the literature indexed in PubMed reporting observational or interventional studies on HMO exposure in relation to psychometric measures in infants. Studies were characterized based on study design and definitions of HMO exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Six studies were identified; all were observational in design, and five were conducted in full-term infants. Sample sizes ranged from 35–659 infants. HMOs were defined as individual concentrations or relative abundances assessed at 1 and/or 6 months of age. Studies accounted for differences in HMO exposure based on maternal secretor status. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed between 6 and 24 months of age and included four domains. Studies in full-term infants reported that total and individual fucosylated and sialylated HMOs were positively associated with cognitive, language, and motor skill domains between 18 and 24 months of age, while the single study in preterm infants reported no statistically significant findings in the full cohort. The presence of a maternal secretor did not consistently alter the associations between HMO exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Emerging evidence from observational studies suggests that HMO exposure may be beneficial for neurodevelopment in infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review

et al. 2023

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“…Due to a dearth of economic data for mothers of PT infants specifically, we reviewed US national data on overall maternal labor force participation, employment, and earnings by race and ethnicity. Although other factors such as antenatal steroids and coordinated evidence-based “Golden Hour” care administered in the first 60 min of life also impact health outcomes for PT infants [ 53 , 54 ], this review examines the role of MOM provision as a modifiable factor for improving PT infant health and how work as a social determinant of health may explain differences in MOM provision by maternal race and ethnicity [ 13 , 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Work as a Social Determinant of Health in Mother’s Own Milk Feeding Decisions for Preterm Infants: A State of the Science Review

et al. 2023

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In the United States, 10% of infants are born preterm (PT; <37 weeks gestational age) each year and are at higher risk of complications compared to full term infants. The burden of PT birth is borne disproportionately by Black versus non-Black families, with Black mothers significantly more likely to give birth to a PT infant. One proven strategy to improve short- and long-term health outcomes in PT infants is to feed mother’s own milk (MOM; breast milk from the mother). However, mothers must make decisions about work and MOM provision following PT birth, and more time spent in paid work may reduce time spent in unpaid activities, including MOM provision. Non-Black PT infants are substantially more likely than Black PT infants to receive MOM during the birth hospitalization, and this disparity is likely to be influenced by the complex decisions mothers of PT infants make about allocating their time between paid and unpaid work. Work is a social determinant of health that provides a source of income and health insurance coverage, and at the same time, has been shown to create disparities through poorer job quality, lower earnings, and more precarious employment in racial and ethnic minority populations. However, little is known about the relationship between work and disparities in MOM provision by mothers of PT infants. This State of the Science review synthesizes the literature on paid and unpaid work and MOM provision, including: (1) the complex decisions that mothers of PT infants make about returning to work, (2) racial and ethnic disparities in paid and unpaid workloads of mothers, and (3) the relationship between components of job quality and duration of MOM provision. Important gaps in the literature and opportunities for future research are summarized, including the generalizability of findings to other countries.

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“…Breastfeeding is considered as an optimal way to feed infants during the neonatal period, providing them with the developmental nutrients needed and shaping their immune systems ( 1 ). Most studies have shown that exclusive breastfeeding provides potential long-term benefits to neurodevelopment ( 2 , 3 ). Interrupting breastfeeding to treat breast milk jaundice (BMJ) has long been controversial and may increase the risk of early termination of breastfeeding ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast milk jaundice affects breastfeeding: From the perspective of intestinal flora and SCFAs-GPR41/43

Huang

Huang²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Breast milk jaundice (BMJ) is one of the main factors leading to interruption or early termination of breastfeeding. Interrupting breastfeeding to treat BMJ may increase the adverse consequences for infant growth and disease prevention. The Intestinal flora and metabolites are increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target in BMJ. First, dysbacteriosis can lead to a decrease in the metabolite short-chain fatty acids. At the same time, SCFA can act on specific G protein-coupled receptors 41 and 43 (GPR41/43), and a decrease in SCFA downregulates the GPR41/43 pathway, leading to a diminished inhibition of intestinal inflammation. In addition, intestinal inflammation leads to a decrease in intestinal motility and a large amount of bilirubin enters the enterohepatic circulation. Ultimately, these changes will result in the development of BMJ. In this review, we will describe the underlying pathogenetic mechanism of the intestinal flora effects on BMJ.

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Associations of Maternal Milk Feeding With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 7 Years of Age in Former Preterm Infants

Cited by 33 publications

References 56 publications

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Infant Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review

The Role of Work as a Social Determinant of Health in Mother’s Own Milk Feeding Decisions for Preterm Infants: A State of the Science Review

Breast milk jaundice affects breastfeeding: From the perspective of intestinal flora and SCFAs-GPR41/43

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