Asymptomatic carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes among school children in Sana’a city, Yemen

Othman, Arwa Mohammed; Assayaghi, Rowa Mohammed; Al-Shami, Huda Zaid; Saif-Ali, Riyadh

doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4370-5

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…GABHS carrier rate in Kerman region of Iran, however, was reported to be much higher than our study, i.e., 28.5%, which can be attributed to the particular age range of the study (11 to 15 years), which is on the higher side of the age bracket of possibly affected children. 21 In present study, GABHS carriage was found to be more common in females than males, which is in accordance with the study of Othman et al and Nayiga et al 14,22 However, Abd El-Ghany et al and Blair et al showed equal prevalence among males and females. 23,24 In the present study, beta hemolytic streptococci were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, penicillin G and azithromycin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Group a Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Carriage and Antibiotic Sensitivity Among School Going Children in Mardan, Pakistan

Akram¹,

Khan

et al. 2021

JPMI

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Objective: To assess the carriage rate of Group A beta hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus Pyogenes/ GABHS) among school children and find out their antibiotic sensitivity. Methodology:This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 healthy children residing in Mardan, while samples were processed at Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Mardan from June 2019 to September 2019. Asymptomatic children with age range from 5 to 15 years were enrolled in this study. After informed consent, throat swabs were taken under aseptic conditions and sent to laboratory for culture and sensitivity. The GABHS were identified by beta-hemolysis, colony morphology, gram staining, catalase reaction and sensitivity to bacitracin. Antibiotic susceptibility of beta hemolytic streptococci were found for Penicillin G, Ceftriaxone, Erthromycin, Co-amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin, Azithromycin, Tetracycline and Cephalexin by Kirby disc diffusion method. SPSS v.20.0 was used as statistical tool.Results: Out of 200 children, there were 97 (48.5%) male. The mean age was 9.71± 2.95 years. A total of 23 (11.5%) cultures were positive for GABHS. Among these 23 carriers, 10 were males and 13 were females. All were found sensitive to Vancomycin, Penicillin G and Azithromycin. Isolates were 95.6% sensitive to Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone and Co-amoxiclav (n=22). Sensitivity to Cephalexin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline were 78.3% (n=18), 69.5% (n=16) and 65.2% (n=15), respectively. Conclusion:GABHS carriage is common among asymptomatic school going children. GABHS cultured from these children are highly sensitive to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, Azithromycin, Co-amoxiclav, Clindamycin and Ceftriaxone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…13 Prevalence is highest in children older than 3 years, with peak incidence between 5 to 15 years of age. 14 In this context, this study was carried out to find the frequency of streptococcal carriers and antibiotic sensitivity among school going aged children in Mardan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group a Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Carriage and Antibiotic Sensitivity Among School Going Children in Mardan, Pakistan

Akram¹,

Khan

et al. 2021

JPMI

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“…[2] It is very important to detect bacteria to eradicate the disease and prevent associated complications with antibiotic treatment, as well as stopping its spread, especially in environments with a high contagion risk, such as schools and nurseries. [3,4] For many years, macrolides have been used as a second option when there is no response from penicillin treatment against gram-positive bacteria. Despite this situation being commonly observed in practice, there is some studies conclusively reporting that streptococci have reduced susceptibility to beta lactam antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence of Mef (E) and Erm (B) Genes in Throat Samples of Children Infected with Streptococcus pyogenes

Bozlak

Bozkurt

Öziç

et al. 2021

Journal of Contemporary Medicine

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Aim: Antibiotic resistance studies about the Streptococcus have a great importance for the treatment of especially child throat infections in terms of public health and rational antibiotic use. For this purpose, we aimed to identify the macrolide resistance genes mef(E) and erm(B). Material and Method: The throat culture samples taken from 51 children presenting to the hospital with the complaint of sore throat were evaluated in the laboratory, and S. pyogenes was diagnosed using tests; gram staining, catalase, bacitracin and PYR. Susceptibility profile was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method and minimum inhibitor concentration(MICs) of erythromycin and clindamycin was determined by VITEK 2 System. Results: S. pyogenes was possible macrolide resistance genes of mef(E) and erm(B) was determined by PCR. Macrolide resistance in S. pyogenes are determined in 51 pateients as follows; benzylpenicillin 0%, erytromycin 74.5%, clindamycin 31.4%. In patients with S. pyogenes, the genetic determinants of macrolide resistance mef(E) and erm(B) genes was investigated with the PCR method using primers specific to each gene. Total of 48% of the isolates (n=24) were positive for erm (B), 10% (n=5) for mef(E), in 42% (n=21) of the isolates both genes were detected. Conclusion: The results of our study show that macrolid resistance genes were found in five of the patients evaluated. When the anamnesis of these patients was examined, it was determined that there were patients that frequently presented to the hospital with throat infections and experienced re-infection within a few weeks after receiving treatment.

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“…[2] It is very important to detect bacteria to eradicate the disease and prevent associated complications with antibiotic treatment, as well as stopping its spread, especially in environments with a high contagion risk, such as schools and nurseries. [3][4] With the discovery of penicillin for which Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize in 1945, the world has gained great power in the fight against bacteria. The use of penicillin as the first-choice treatment for GAS infections and other gram-positive bacteria continues, except for certain species that have become resistant by natural selection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of streptococci in samples taken from the throat cultures of children in Turkey and the presence of mef(A), mef(E), erm(B) and erm(TR) genes in patients withStreptococcus pyogenes

Balkan

Bozkurt

Öziç

2020

Preprint

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Objective:Failure to achieve success with penicillin treatment in some cases observed in the pediatric group and the decrease in macrolide activity have brought about the necessity of a new study aiming to differentiate bacteria at the species level in throat infections. Antibiotic resistance studies are of great importance for the treatment of bacterial infections in terms of public health and rational antibiotic use. For this purpose, we aimed to perform a species-level differentiation of streptococci isolated from the throat cultures of pediatric patients presenting to our hospital, to determine their antibiotic susceptibility, and to identify the macrolide resistance genes of mef(A), mef(E), erm(B) and erm(TR) in patients with Streptococcus pyogenes. The study included 51 samples taken from pediatric cases presenting with a sore throat as the patient group and 36 samples from children without this complaint as the control group. Material and Method: The throat culture samples taken from 51 children presenting to the hospital with the complaint of sore throat were evaluated in the laboratory, and streptococcus was diagnosed using tests; gram staining, catalase and PYR, and the susceptibility profile was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method. Bacteria were identified at the species level according to 16srRNA sequences, and possible macrolide resistance genes of mef(A), mef(E), erm(B) and erm(TR) were determined by PCR in species detected to have S. pyogenes. Results: Our antibiotic susceptibility results were consistent with the general results reported in Turkey. The sequence analysis of bacteria was performed according to 16srRNA sequences, and S. pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were isolated. In patients with S. pyogenes, the genetic determinants of macrolide resistance, mef(A), mef(E), erm(B) and erm(TR), were investigated with the PCR method using primers specific to each gene. Different levels of expression were observed in five patients. Macrolide resistance in S. pyogenes, which is reported at various percentages in the world, was found to be 9.8% in our study. Discussion: The results of our study show that penicillin resistance genes were found in five of the patients evaluated. When the anamnesis of these patients was examined, it was determined that there were patients that frequently presented to the hospital with throat infections and experienced re-infection within a few weeks after receiving treatment. The common discourse of clinicians is that there may be an unknown resistance development. Therefore, our research should be supported by new hypotheses and studies that are open to development.

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Asymptomatic carriage of Streptococcus pyogenes among school children in Sana’a city, Yemen

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Group a Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Carriage and Antibiotic Sensitivity Among School Going Children in Mardan, Pakistan

Group a Beta Hemolytic Streptococcal Carriage and Antibiotic Sensitivity Among School Going Children in Mardan, Pakistan

The Presence of Mef (E) and Erm (B) Genes in Throat Samples of Children Infected with Streptococcus pyogenes

Phylogenetic analysis of streptococci in samples taken from the throat cultures of children in Turkey and the presence of mef(A), mef(E), erm(B) and erm(TR) genes in patients withStreptococcus pyogenes

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