“…As an important branch of SDEs, stochastic population equations have received a great deal of attention. In the present investigation, the random behavior described by different stochastic processes such as Markovian switching, Poisson jumps, and fractional Brownian motion is incorporated into the stochastic age-dependent population equations (SAPEs) (see e.g., [10,11,18,19,22,28]). In these population dynamics, one assumes that the system is governed by a principle of causality, that is the future state of the system is determined solely by the present states.…”