Asynchronous activation of 10 muscle‐specific protein (MSP) genes during zebrafish somitogenesis

Abstract

A methodology for screening either various catalysts for a given metathesis reaction, i.e., ring opening‐ring closing alkene metathesis (RO‐RCM) and cross‐metathesis (CM), or various substrates for a given pre‐catalyst on a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate has been developed. As the substrates elute with the solvent, this TLC‐based system acts as a heterogeneous catalyst bed (“TLC reactor”). Selected promising catalyst candidates were screened on a TLC plate and their initial catalytic potential as observed in the TLC test was later fully confirmed in a classical heterogeneous reaction set‐up using standard commercially available silica (D11‐10). Reacting polyfunctional, natural product‐like substrates in our TLC reactor allows the simultaneous screening of various substrates and the convenient micro‐scale preparation and isolation of potentially biologically active products.

Inactivation of zebrafish mrf4 leads to myofibril misalignment and motor axon growth disorganization

“…␣-actin is a thin filament gene (Xu et al, 2000); tnnt1 was expressed in both slow and fast muscles, whereas tnnt3b expression was fast-muscle specific. Our results show that ␣-actin and tnnt1 transcripts were strongly detectable in the entire somites of WT embryos (Fig.…”

“…NM_181499), tnnt3b (NM_181653), ␣-actin (Xu et al, 2000), myf5 (Chen et al, 2001), mrf4_tv1 and mrf4_tv4 (this study) were used as probes. They were digoxigenin-labeled, after we cloned their partial DNA fragments.…”

Expression and functional analyses of two essential myosin light chains from the fast white muscle of the spotted mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri

“…It has been shown that the fiber type composition of individual muscles and expression of MLC changes dramatically during fish ontogeny [4]. The expression of the MyHC and MLCs is asynchronous during the Zebrafish muscle development [5]. In rainbow trout, none of the MLC transcripts were detected before stage 12 (20 somites).…”

Alkali‐like myosin light chain‐1 (myl1) is an early marker for differentiating fast muscle cells in zebrafish

“…Several fmyhc genes have been identified, but the expression of at least some of the genes can initially be observed both in adaxial cells and in the fast muscle domain and will later during development become more fibre type-specific (Bryson-Richardson et al, 2005). In addition, more specific fast fibre markers encoding sarcomeric proteins have been identified, such as troponinT3a (tnnt3a), tnnt3b, myhz1 (fmyhc1.1), and the myosin light chains mylz2 and mylz3 (Xu et al, 2000, Hsiao et al, 2003. However, the expression pattern during early stages of fast differentiation has not been established, and the transcription initiation occurs later for some of these genes and can initially be detected at stages between 14-16 somites (Xu et al, 2000;Hsiao et al, 2003).…”

“…In addition, more specific fast fibre markers encoding sarcomeric proteins have been identified, such as troponinT3a (tnnt3a), tnnt3b, myhz1 (fmyhc1.1), and the myosin light chains mylz2 and mylz3 (Xu et al, 2000, Hsiao et al, 2003. However, the expression pattern during early stages of fast differentiation has not been established, and the transcription initiation occurs later for some of these genes and can initially be detected at stages between 14-16 somites (Xu et al, 2000;Hsiao et al, 2003). Also, a commonly used protein marker for fast muscle fibres is the F310 antibody (DSHB), which was originally generated by Crow and Stockdale (1986).…”