ATG8 is conserved between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and psychrophilic, polar-collected fungi

Ivory, Brenna J; Smith, Harold C.; Cabrera, Elizabeth; Robinson, Meaghan R.; Sparks, Jackson T.; Solem, Amanda; Ishihara, Jun-ichi; Takahashi, Hiroki; Tsuji, Masaharu; Segarra, Verónica A.

doi:10.17912/micropub.biology.000446

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, this Atg8 has a highly conserved tertiary structure in relation to the homologous proteins of the other fungi described herein ( Figure 4 ). Overall, the evidence supports the notion that the function of Atg8 could be similar in fungi, as has been proposed in previous reports ( Ivory et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review

Juárez-Montiel

Clark-Flores²,

Tesillo-Moreno³

et al. 2022

Front. Fungal Biol.

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Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a survival and virulence mechanism of different eukaryotic pathogens. Autophagosomes sequester cytosolic material and organelles, then fuse with or enter into the vacuole or lysosome (the lytic compartment of most fungal/plant cells and many animal cells, respectively). Subsequent degradation of cargoes delivered to the vacuole via autophagy and endocytosis maintains cellular homeostasis and survival in conditions of stress, cellular differentiation, and development. PrA and PrB are vacuolar aspartyl and serine endoproteases, respectively, that participate in the autophagy of fungi and contribute to the pathogenicity of phytopathogens. Whereas the levels of vacuolar proteases are regulated by the expression of the genes encoding them (e.g., PEP4 for PrA and PRB1 for PrB), their activity is governed by endogenous inhibitors. The aim of the current contribution is to review the main characteristics, regulation, and role of vacuolar soluble endoproteases and Atg proteins in the process of autophagy and the pathogenesis of three fungal phytopathogens: Ustilago maydis, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Alternaria alternata. Aspartyl and serine proteases are known to participate in autophagy in these fungi by degrading autophagic bodies. However, the gene responsible for encoding the vacuolar serine protease of U. maydis has yet to be identified. Based on in silico analysis, this U. maydis gene is proposed to be orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes PRB1 and PBI2, known to encode the principal protease involved in the degradation of autophagic bodies and its inhibitor, respectively. In fungi that interact with plants, whether phytopathogenic or mycorrhizal, autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process regulated through the TOR, PKA, and SNF1 pathways by ATG proteins and vacuolar proteases. Autophagy plays a preponderant role in the recycling of cell components as well as in the fungus-plant interaction.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review

Juárez-Montiel

Clark-Flores²,

Tesillo-Moreno³

et al. 2022

Front. Fungal Biol.

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“…ATG8, a ubiquitin-like protein, binds with the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to form Atg8-PE, a crucial component for the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes [21]. Consequently, ATG8 is considered a reliable autophagic marker for monitoring autophagy progression in cells at both microscopic and molecular levels [22]. The molecular mechanisms of autophagy have been extensively investigated in yeast, where autophagy initiation, cargo recognition, cargo engulfment, and vesicle closure depend on ATG8 [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Autophagy-Related Protein ATG8 Orchestrates Asexual Development and AFB1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus

Geng,

Hu,

et al. 2024

JoF

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Autophagy, a conserved cellular recycling process, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis under stress conditions. It also regulates the development and virulence of numerous filamentous fungi. In this study, we investigated the specific function of ATG8, a reliable autophagic marker, in the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus flavus. To investigate the role of atg8 in A. flavus, the deletion and complemented mutants of atg8 were generated according to the homologous recombination principle. Deletion of atg8 showed a significant decrease in conidiation, spore germination, and sclerotia formation compared to the WT and atg8Cstrains. Additionally, aflatoxin production was found severely impaired in the ∆atg8 mutant. The stress assays demonstrated that ATG8 was important for A. flavus response to oxidative stress. The fluorescence microscopy showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species in the ∆atg8 mutant cells, and the transcriptional result also indicated that genes related to the antioxidant system were significantly reduced in the ∆atg8 mutant. We further found that ATG8 participated in regulating the pathogenicity of A. flavus on crop seeds. These results revealed the biological role of ATG8 in A. flavus, which might provide a potential target for the control of A. flavus and AFB1 biosynthesis.

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ATG8 is conserved between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and psychrophilic, polar-collected fungi

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review

Vacuolar proteases and autophagy in phytopathogenic fungi: A review

The Autophagy-Related Protein ATG8 Orchestrates Asexual Development and AFB1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus

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