Atherogenic index of plasma for non-diabetic, coronary artery disease patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective study of the long-term outcomes in China

Abstract

Background Non-diabetic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are thought to encounter metabolic dysfunction and while these changes may be imperceptible to the patient they probably influence outcomes. At present, there is no system to support patients sensing these subtle changes, nor is there an established model for prognoses. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) index has already proven useful for atherosclerosis although further research is needed, especially for those without hyperglycemia. Methods This is a prospective study of 5538 non-diabetic CAD patients who had received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Participants were assigned to one of three groups according to their AIP index. High AIP index cases were then compared to low index patients according to major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was also conducted to investigate interrelations between AIP index levels and hazard ratios (HR) for MACEs. Results Patients with a high AIP index encountered metabolic dysfunction compared to those with a low AIP index i.e., higher Body Mass Index (BMI), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), and uric acid as well as lower HDL-C. Each of the aforementioned interrelations were significant with p values of less than 0.001. There was also a significant increase in the number of MACEs in the high AIP index group compared to the low AIP index group (HR: 1.37, 95% CI 1.04–1.81; p = 0.025). A J-shaped RCS curve highlighted a change in the HR after the 0.18 juncture (HR per SD: 1.20, 95% CI 0.96–1.50). Further subgroup analysis supported the main findings, all with HRs greater than one. Conclusion The AIP index could be used in prognostics for non-diabetic CAD patients 2 years after PCI. The relationship between hazard ratio and the AIP index appears to be J-shaped. Although, further multi-center studies designed for non-diabetic patients with potential metabolic dysfunction should be conducted to determine the value of the AIP index.

Effect of dapagliflozin on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

“…As AIP and the TyG index are associated with MACE in patients with AMI undergoing PCI [ 14 , 15 ], the effects of DAPA administration on AIP and the TyG index 12 months after discharge were evaluated. As shown in Fig.…”

Effect of dapagliflozin on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

“…As AIP and the TyG index are associated with MACE in patients with AMI undergoing PCI (13,14), the effects of DAPA administration on AIP and the TyG index 12 months after discharge were evaluated. As shown in Fig.…”

High Uric Acid Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability by Apoptosis Targeted Autophagy

“…Moreover, we confirmed by flow mortality did not show gender differences 8) . Several articles have been published showing that the occurrence of MACE is associated with increased vulnerability of plaques 7,[26][27][28] . On this basis, we further observed the microstructure of the plaques.…”