Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women

Khakurel, Gita; Kayastha, Rajat; Chalise, Sanat; Karki, Prabin Kumar

doi:10.33314/jnhrc.v16i2.1570

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…CVD is known to have gender differences in presentation, prevalence, and clinical outcomes [53][54][55]. For instance, men and postmenopausal women showed an increased risk of IHD compared to premenopausal women [56]. It is thought that postmenopausal women have atherogenic LDL profiles comparable to those in men because of aging and the event of menopause [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans

et al. 2021

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The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), composed of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is a novel critical marker for assessing the risk of atherogenicity and cardiometabolic health. We aimed to prospectively study the association between AIP and incident ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk in a large cohort of non-diabetic Korean adults. Data were assessed from 17,944 participants without diabetes from the Health Risk Assessment Study (HERAS) and Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) data. The participants were divided into four groups according to AIP quartiles, calculated as log (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). We prospectively assessed hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for IHD using multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression models over a 50-month period that followed the baseline survey. During the follow-up period, 332 participants (1.9%) developed IHD. HRs of IHD for AIP quartiles 2–4 were 1.58 (95% CI, 1.03–2.43), 1.82 (95% CI, 1.20–2.78), and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.37–3.24) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, mean arterial blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, and hypertension medication. Higher AIP levels may precede and predict the development of IHD in non-diabetic Korean adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans

et al. 2021

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“…AIP was calculated as the logarithmical transformed ratio of molar concentrations of TG to HDL-C [ 25 ]. AIP was classified as follows: low CVD risk <0.1, medium risk 0.1–0.24, and high risk >0.24 [ 17 ].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high AIP has been used as a standalone index for estimating cardiac risk [ 15 ]. In addition, AIP was a strong predictor of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction [ 16 , 17 ]. Previous studies revealed that postmenopausal women were at an increased risk for developing CVD because of the elevated atherogenic lipid profile [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Anthropometric Measurements among Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Sudanese Women: Possible Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

Elmugadam

Elfadil

Hamad

et al. 2022

Journal of Aging Research

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Introduction. Data examining the health of menopausal women and the prevalence of osteoporosis remain to be limited in Africa, especially in sub-Saharan countries. Thus, in this current study, we aimed to assess the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and anthropometric measurements of osteoporotic postmenopausal women and determine their risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods. This is a cross-sectional, community-based study. Postmenopausal women (n = 300), aged ≥45 years, were recruited from Khartoum state, Sudan. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone density. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured twice. Fasting blood samples (5 ml) were collected to determine total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). AIP was calculated as an indicator of CVD risk. Results. The mean age of the postmenopausal women was 61.6 ± 10.2 years (range 47–90 years). Women (n = 80) had the normal T-score, and an equal number had osteoporosis (n = 110) and osteopenia (n = 110). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 36.7%. Many postmenopausal women with normal T-scores suffered from general (71.2%) and central (94%) obesity. Postmenopausal women had high TC (24.4%), TG (25.6%), LDL-C (13.7%), and low HDL-C (76.0%) levels. Osteoporotic women (36.4%) were found to have a medium to high risk of CVD as determined by AIP. Women with normal T-scores had a higher number of CVD risk factors. A positive correlation was noted between AIP and TC among osteopenic (r = 0.292; P = 0.002 ) and osteoporotic women (r = 0.265; P < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Osteoporosis was prevalent among Sudanese postmenopausal women who also had an increased risk for CVD. Public health education about osteoporosis and CVD risk is thus recommended.

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“…Atherogenic index is a strong marker for assessing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in vessels. As the AI increases, the risk of atherogenesis increases [44,45]. Estradiol and the antihyperlipidemic drugs employed in this study signi cantly decreased the AI and CRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Oxidized dietary lipids induce vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in post- menopausal rats: Estradiol and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs restore vascular health in vivo

Folahan

Olorundare

Ajayi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Thermoxidation of edible oil through deep fat frying results in the generation of several oxidized products that promote lipid peroxidation and ROS production when eaten. Consumption of thermoxidized oil coupled with estrogen withdrawal contributes to the sudden development of vascular diseases in post-menopausal women. This study evaluates the role of estradiol and antihyperlipidemic agents (AHD) in restoring the vascular health of ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed with thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) and thermoxidized soya oil (TSO) diets. Method A total of 10 groups of rats (n = 6) were set up for the experiment. Group I (normal control) rats were sham handled while other groups were OVX to bring about estrogen deficient post-menopausal state. Group II (OVX only) was not treated and received normal rat chow. Groups III-X were fed with either TPO or TSO diet for 12 weeks and treated with estradiol (ETD) 0.2 mg/kg/day, atorvastatin (ATV) 10 mg/kg/day, and a fixed-dose combination of ezetimibe and ATV (EZE 3 mg/kg/day + ATV 10 mg/kg/day). Results Pro-atherogenic lipids levels were significantly elevated in untreated TSO and TPO groups compared to OVX and sham, resulting in increased atherogenic and Coronary-risk indices. Treatment with Estradiol and AHDs significantly reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as AI and CRI compared to untreated TSO and TPO groups, whereas TSO and TPO groups showed significant elevation in these parameters compared to Group I values. Moreover, aortic TNF-α levels were extremely elevated in the untreated TSO and TPO compared to Group I. TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in rats treated with AHDs and ETD. Localized oxidative stress was indicated in the aortic tissues of TSO and TPO-fed OVX rats by increased malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. This contributed to a depletion in aortic nitric oxide. AHDs and ETD replenished the nitric oxide levels significantly. Histological evaluation of the aorta of TSO and TPO rats revealed increased peri-adventitia fat, aortic medial hypertrophy, and aortic recanalization. These pathologic changes were less seen in AHDs and ETD rats. Conclusion This study suggests that ETD and AHDs profoundly attenuate oxidized lipid-induced vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through oxidative-stress reduction and inhibition of TNF-α signaling.

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Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans

Predictive Value of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) for the Risk of Incident Ischemic Heart Disease among Non-Diabetic Koreans

Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Anthropometric Measurements among Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Sudanese Women: Possible Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

Oxidized dietary lipids induce vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in post- menopausal rats: Estradiol and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs restore vascular health in vivo

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