Atom Interferometer Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravity

Fixler, J. B.; Foster, G. T.; McGuirk, Jeffrey; Kasevich, Mark A.

doi:10.1126/science.1135459

Cited by 505 publications

(448 citation statements)

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“…[1], a 3 parts per billion (ppb) modulation in local gravity leads to a 1% shift of the interference fringe. They thus make excellent microscopes for small signals that have been applied in many cutting-edge precision measurements [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Large-momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitters, which have become practical recently [11], promise to increase the sensitivity further, by factors of 10s to 100s, by increasing the space-time area enclosed between the interferometer arms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers

et al. 2009

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We present a pair of simultaneous conjugate Ramsey-Bordé atom interferometers (SCI) using large (20hk)-momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitters, wherehk is the photon momentum. Simultaneous operation allows for common-mode rejection of vibrational noise. This allows us to surpass the enclosed space-time area of previous interferometers with a splitting of 20hk by a factor of 2,500.Among applications, we demonstrate a 3.4 ppb resolution in the fine structure constant and discuss tests of fundamental laws of physics.

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confidence: 99%

Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers

et al. 2009

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“…It should be observed that there are still large measurement errors in the gravitational constant; see [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Mcculloch-heisenberg Newton Equivalent Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity without Newton's Gravitational Constant and No Knowledge of Mass Size

E¹

2018

Preprint

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In this paper we show that the Schwarzschild radius can be extracted easily from any gravitationally-linked phenomena without having knowledge of the Newton gravitational constant or the mass size of the gravitational object. Further, the Schwarzschild radius can be used to predict any gravity phenomena accurately, again without knowledge of the Newton gravitational constant and also without knowledge of the size of the mass, although this may seem surprising at first.Hidden within the Schwarzschild radius are the mass of the gravitational object, the Planck mass (their relative mass), and the Planck length. We do not claim to have all the answers, but this seems to indicate that gravity is quantized, even at a cosmological scale, and this quantization is directly linked to the Planck units.

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“…The value of this constant is not very accurately known, and the different values we can find in the literature can have an impact on the frequency calculation of the same order or even larger than the differences studied here. To illustrate this, two extreme values of G found in the literature have been chosen: G 1 = 6.6716823 × 10 −8 cgs (as fixed for Task 1), and G 2 = 6.693 × 10 −8 cgs (Fixler et al, 2007), the most recent one, although with a quoted random error of ±0.027 × 10 −8 and a systematic error of ±0.021 × 10 −8 cgs it is consistent with the previous value. The present recommended value of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) can be found in the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants, and it is closer to that fixed in Task 1.…”

Section: Computational Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-comparison of the g-, f- and p-modes calculated using different oscillation codes for a given stellar model

Moya

Christensen‐Dalsgaard

Charpinet

et al. 2008

Astrophys Space Sci

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In order to make asteroseismology a powerful tool to explore stellar interiors, different numerical codes should give the same oscillation frequencies for the same input physics. Any differences found when comparing the numerical values of the eigenfrequencies will be an important piece of information regarding the numerical structure of the code. The ESTA group was created to analyze the non-physical sources of these differences. The work presented in this report is a part of Task 2 of the ESTA group. Basically the work is devoted to test, compare and, if needed, optimize the seismic codes used to calculate the eigenfrequencies to be finally compared with observations. The first step in this comparison is presented here. The oscillation codes of nine research groups in the field have been used in this study. The same physics has been imposed for all the codes in order to isolate the non-physical dependence of any possi- ble difference. Two equilibrium models with different grids, 2172 and 4042 mesh points, have been used, and the latter model includes an explicit modelling of semiconvection just outside the convective core. Comparing the results for these two models illustrates the effect of the number of mesh points and their distribution in particularly critical parts of the model, such as the steep composition gradient outside the convective core. A comprehensive study of the frequency differences found for the different codes is given as well. These differences are mainly due to the use of different numerical integration schemes. The number of mesh points and their distribution are crucial for interpreting the results. The use of a second-order integration scheme plus a Richardson extrapolation provides similar results to a fourth-order integration scheme. The proper numerical description of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency in the equilibrium model is also critical for some modes. This influence depends on the set of the eigenfunctions used for the solution of the differential equations. An unexpected result of this study is the high sensitivity of the frequency differences to the inconsistent use of values of the gravitational constant (G) in the oscillation codes, within the range of the experimentally determined ones, which differ from the value used to compute the equilibrium model. This effect can provide differences for a given equilibrium model substantially larger than those resulting from the use of different codes or numerical techniques; the actual differences between the values of G used by the different codes account for much of the frequency differences found here.

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Atom Interferometer Measurement of the Newtonian Constant of Gravity

Cited by 505 publications

References 20 publications

Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers

Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers

Gravity without Newton's Gravitational Constant and No Knowledge of Mass Size

Inter-comparison of the g-, f- and p-modes calculated using different oscillation codes for a given stellar model

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