Atravessando as bordas do círculo mágico: imersão, atenção e videogames

Abstract

Resumo Este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre o círculo mágico, conceito bastante debatido nos últimos anos no âmbito dos jogos em geral, e em particular dos videogames. Através de um diálogo com autores dos game studies, como Johan Huizinga e Katie Salen e Eric Zimmerman, assim como com autores da psicologia cognitiva que discutem a questão da atenção, argumentamos que o círculo mágico, ao invés de separar ficção e realidade -conforme defendido por diversos autores -funciona como uma estrutura cognitiva de mediação, cuja existência ocorre de formas diferenciadas e gradativas, de acordo com a operação de processos imersivos e atencionais entre jogador e dispositivo tecnológico, neste caso o videogame. Palavras-chave: Círculo Mágico; Imersão; Atenção; VideogamesAbstract This paper proposes a discussion about the concept of magic circle, which in the last years has been thoroughly debated within the context of games in general and video games in particular. Through a dialogue with authors of the game studies' field, such as Johan Huizinga and Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman, as well as authors of cognitive psychology that discuss the issue of attention, we argue that the magic circle, instead of separating fiction and reality -as advocated by several authors -works as a cognitive structure of mediation, whose

Virtual Reality Greenspaces: Does Level of Immersion Affect Directed Attention Restoration in VR Environments?

“…Directed attention was activated when there were specific missions and goals to be completed within a game, which aligns with the concept of hard fascination in the ART [3]. While it has been reported that certain tasks can be enjoyable and would enhance the restorative effects of exposures, the findings reported by Ferreira and Falcão implied that directed attention was activated when individuals were faced with the specifics of in-game missions, which can be stress-inducing rather than affording attention restoration [43].…”

“…The level of immersion that VR systems provide can put the user in an already high level of immersion by planting their physiological sensors directly into an environment that fully envelops them on a visual level at the very least. Although the stages of immersion identified and described by Brown and Cairn [44] take a longer time to achieve, total immersion was also reported by Ferreira and Falcão [43], with gamers reporting decreased awareness toward their physical surroundings and selves. Directed attention was activated when there were specific missions and goals to be completed within a game, which aligns with the concept of hard fascination in the ART [3].…”

“…Vivid indicates the resolution, richness and quality of the VR system's display. In an ideal situation where the maximum level of immersion is provided, causing the user to experience absolute presence, all sensory modalities should be fulfilled (e.g., sound, temperature, pressure, smell) and the user would disregard the physical environment [43]. Immersion is quantifiable and can be controlled by the quality of a system's setup; many commercial systems are optimised to meet these technological standards to meet ever-increasing user demands for achieving immersive virtual reality (IVR).…”