Atrophic Change of Rat Salivary Gland during Adenovirus-Induced Hyperleptinemia

Higa, Moritake; Shimabukuro, Michio; Fukuchi, M; Komiya, Ichiro; Takasu, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6501

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Because the salivary glands and oral mucosal keratinocytes produce both receptor isoforms, salivary ghrelin seems to act in a paracrine manner in these tissues, in agreement with similar postulated autoregulatory feedback loops for another peptide hormone, leptin, within the salivary glands (37 ). Moreover, the increase in cAMP supports the functionality of the GHS-R because cAMP has been shown to be involved in ghrelin signaling (38,39 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Identification of Ghrelin in Human Saliva: Production by the Salivary Glands and Potential Role in Proliferation of Oral Keratinocytes

Gröschl¹,

Topf²,

et al. 2005

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Background:We investigated whether ghrelin is present in human saliva, is produced by salivary glands, and physiologic consequences of these findings. Methods: Expression of ghrelin and specific receptor mRNA was determined by PCR. Proteins were identified by immunoblotting and size-exclusion fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with consecutive RIA. Specific RIAs were used for quantification of salivary total and bioactive ghrelin. Distribution of ghrelin was investigated by immunohistochemistry in cryosections of the salivary glands. The effect of ghrelin on incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine as a measure of cell proliferation was investigated in primary oral keratinocytes. Results: Ghrelin is produced by the salivary glands. The hormone was identified in saliva and glands by immunoblotting and by FPLC fractionation of saliva. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ghrelin distribution in the salivary glands. The receptor was also produced by the glands and by oral keratinocytes and was shown to be functional. Comparison of total ghrelin values for healthy individuals (body mass index, 18 -27 kg/m 2 ) showed significantly lower concentrations in saliva than in serum (P <0.01). The correlation between both matrices was r 2 ‫؍‬ 0.56 (P <0.001) with a negative correlation to body mass index (r 2 ‫؍‬ 0.314; P <0.01). Bioactive acylated ghrelin was also present in saliva. Incubation of keratinocytes with ghrelin led to signifi-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Identification of Ghrelin in Human Saliva: Production by the Salivary Glands and Potential Role in Proliferation of Oral Keratinocytes

Gröschl¹,

Topf²,

et al. 2005

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“…Recently we demonstrated the expression of leptin by the human salivary glands (Gröschl et al 2001). Other authors have shown a direct atrophic effect of leptin on the salivary glands of rats (Higa et al 2002). This has led to the hypothesis that leptin released into saliva might have additional 'non-anorexic' effects in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as has been demonstrated in vivo for the stomach using recombinant leptin (Konturek et al 1999a(Konturek et al , 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…As in neuronal tissues (Funahashi et al 2000, Iqbal et al 2001, the presence of the receptor protein indicates that leptin derived from salivary glands acts directly via an autocrine activation. In addition to a postulated autocrine action of salivary leptin, which may be in the context of growth regulation of the glands (Higa et al 2002), other gastrointestinal actions of this hormone appear possible. It has been shown by microelectrode recording that direct application of leptin into the stomach leads to neuronal activities in the brainstem of rodents (Yuan et al 1999), possibly through vagal fibres projecting from the stomach to the caudal part of the brainstem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certainly it remains to be investigated why hyperleptinaemia (in a transfection experiment) leads to weight loss of the salivary glands themselves (Higa et al 2002), whereas salivary leptin increases proliferation of oral keratinocytes in vitro (Gröschl et al 2003). Maybe negative feedback loops can explain the controversial action of leptin in the glands and the oral cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not yet clear whether salivary leptin plays a role as a ligand of gastrointestinal receptors, localised in the mucosa of the stomach (Bado et al 1998, Breidert et al 1999 and in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract (Morton et al 1998). However, infusion of recombinant adenovirus containing the cDNA for rodent leptin induced hyperleptinaemia in rats accompanied by atrophic changes of the salivary glands (Higa et al 2002). These findings suggest that the proliferation of salivary gland cells was reduced by an nonanorexic effect of leptin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential distribution and expression of leptin and the functional leptin receptor in major salivary glands of humans

Bohlender¹,

Rauh²,

Zenk³

et al. 2003

Journal of Endocrinology

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Leptin plays a central role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure in rodents. However, it has become clear that this hormone has more than only a satiety-inducing function, and that there are other sources of leptin, such as the central nervous system, placenta and the gastrointestinal tract in addition to adipose tissue. Knowing about the important role of the salivary glands in food intake and digestion, it was the objective of the present study to investigate how leptin and its receptor are expressed and distributed in the major salivary glands of humans. We found leptin distributed throughout the major salivary glands with obvious intracellular concentrations in granula. In contrast, immunostaining for the leptin receptor was found exclusively in the membranes of the glandular cells. A high density of the leptin receptor was localised in the epithelia of the duct lumen. PCR analysis proved the autonomous expression of leptin by the salivary glands independently from adipocytes. Accordingly the long receptor isoform was expressed by any examined tissue. In the light of recent findings of leptin influencing the growth of rodent salivary glands, the presence and distribution of leptin and its receptor suggests an autocrine role of salivary leptin within the glands.

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Effects of hyperleptinemia in rat saliva composition, histology and ultrastructure of the major salivary glands

Lamy

Neves

Ferreira

et al. 2018

Archives of Oral Biology

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Increased levels of plasmatic leptin result in changes in saliva composition and salivary glands function. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing evidences for a potential role of leptin in salivary gland secretion and saliva composition. An understanding of how appetite/satiety factors influence saliva composition and how this composition influences food processing in mouth may be relevant in understanding ingestivebehaviour.

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Atrophic Change of Rat Salivary Gland during Adenovirus-Induced Hyperleptinemia

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of Ghrelin in Human Saliva: Production by the Salivary Glands and Potential Role in Proliferation of Oral Keratinocytes

Identification of Ghrelin in Human Saliva: Production by the Salivary Glands and Potential Role in Proliferation of Oral Keratinocytes

Differential distribution and expression of leptin and the functional leptin receptor in major salivary glands of humans

Effects of hyperleptinemia in rat saliva composition, histology and ultrastructure of the major salivary glands

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