Atrophy in two attention networks is associated with performance on a Flanker task in neurodegenerative disease

Luks, Tracy; Oliveira, Michael; Possin, Katherine L.; Bird, A.; Miller, Bruce L.; Weiner, Michael W.; Kramer, Joel H.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.001

Cited by 52 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…23,32 Parietal-frontal networks underlie attentional control and are important for good performance on the Flanker paradigm. 25 Although we expected both groups to be impaired on the Set-Shifting Test, neither was impaired after the MMSE adjustment. This lack of group differences may be attributable to the diffuse neuroanatomical substrates of set-shifting and to the performance variability in the patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…17 Integrity of the lateral prefrontal cortex is important for the cognitive aspects of executive functions, including verbal fluency, 19 antisaccade accuracy, 20,21 working memory, 22,23 and controlled attention. 24,25 Although integrity of both the lateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is important for social decision-making and behavior, the ventromedial aspects are most critical. [26][27][28] Patients with bvFTD usually exhibit impairments in social behavior before cognitive aspects of executive functions, which probably reflects the spread of the disease from the ventromedial to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociable executive functions in behavioral variant frontotemporal and Alzheimer dementias

et al. 2013

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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine which aspects of executive functions are most affected in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and best differentiate this syndrome from Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods:We compared executive functions in 22 patients diagnosed with bvFTD, 26 with AD, and 31 neurologically healthy controls using a conceptually driven and comprehensive battery of executive function tests, the NIH EXAMINER battery (http://examiner.ucsf.edu).Results: The bvFTD and the AD patients were similarly impaired compared with controls on tests of working memory, category fluency, and attention, but the patients with bvFTD showed significantly more severe impairments than the patients with AD on tests of letter fluency, antisaccade accuracy, social decision-making, and social behavior. Discriminant function analysis with jackknifed cross-validation classified the bvFTD and AD patient groups with 73% accuracy. Alzheimer disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are neurodegenerative diseases that affect executive functions. Conclusions:1,2 Executive functions support goal-oriented behavior and include working memory, inhibition, mental flexibility, fluency, self-monitoring, and organizing appropriate social behavior. [3][4][5] It is unknown whether the executive impairments are the same in both disorders, or whether differences could assist with differential diagnosis.According to a recent meta-analysis of 94 studies, the frequently used executive function tests do not reliably differentiate FTD and AD. 6 Several of the studies included progressive aphasia patients with bvFTD, making the results difficult to interpret. Some studies have identified select measures of rule violation, poor planning, perseveration, letter fluency relative to category fluency, and organizing appropriate social behavior that are more impaired in bvFTD than AD. [7][8][9][10][11]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociable executive functions in behavioral variant frontotemporal and Alzheimer dementias

et al. 2013

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“…A volumetric MRI study showed that there was an association between left hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex atrophy and poorer attentional control accuracy. In the right hemisphere, atrophy of the temporal-parietal junction and ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices were associated with slower response times during attentional control on accurate trials [53]. This evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that an executive deficit was caused by brain disorders in widespread regions that included prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, and cingulate cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Atrophy of the Medial Temporal Areas and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2012

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Aim: The current study sought to determine which types of cognitive function are related to atrophy of the bilateral medial temporal areas including the entorhinal cortex (MTA-ERC) in elderly adults. Methods: The subjects were 96 elderly adults (mean age 75.3 years) with mild cognitive impairment. Subjects underwent Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, logical memory I and II (WMS-R, LM I and II), Rey complex figure retention tests after 3 and 30 min (RCF-3 min and RCF-30 min), digit span backword (DSB), digit symbol-coding (DSC), Stroop Color and Word Test-Interference List (SCWT-IL) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were divided into elderly adults without or with mild to moderate MTA-ERC atrophy, and those with severe atrophy. Results: In all subjects, MTA-ERC atrophy showed significant relationships with age (r = 0.43), education (r = –0.25), WMS-R, LM I (r = –0.21), DSC (r = –0.32), and SCWT-IL (r = 0.32). The mild to moderate atrophy group showed significant relationships between MTA-ERC atrophy and age (r = 0.34), DSC (r = –0.28), and SCWT-IL (r = 0.25). In contrast, in the severe atrophy group, MTA-ERC atrophy was correlated significantly with RCF-3 min (r = –0.70) and RCF-30 min (r = –0.74). The linear regression model included demographic variables and cognitive tests; two variables to survive the step-wise analysis were age (β = 0.374) and SCWT-IL (β = 0.247) in all subjects. Age (β = 0.301), and RCF-30 min (β = –0.521) and age (β = 0.460) remained as a significant variable in the mild to moderate atrophy and severe atrophy groups, respectively. Conclusion: Executive function tests such as SCWT-IL may be useful as a screening tool to identify mild to moderate MTA-ERC atrophy and a decline in the RCF test may suggest severe MTA-ERC atrophy in elderly adults with MCI.

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“…Nor is it clear whether WM is the primary mediator of RT. Associations have emerged with GM volume within the cerebellum (Menzies et al 2007); fusiform gyrus (Perneczky et al 2011); temporo-parietal junction (Luks et al 2010); cingulate and parietal cortices along with putamen/caudate and amygdala (Menzies et al 2007); and several regions within the frontal lobes (Menzies et al 2007;Luks et al 2010;Perneczky et al 2011).…”

Section: Rt and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

White and grey matter relations to simple, choice, and cognitive reaction time in spina bifida

Dennis

Cirino

Simić

et al. 2015

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Elevated reaction time (RT) is common in brain disorders. We studied three forms of RT in a neurodevelopmental disorder, spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM), characterized by regional alterations of both white and grey matter, and typically developing individuals aged 8 to 48 years, in order to establish the nature of the lifespan-relations of RT and brain variables. Cognitive accuracy and RT speed and variability were all impaired in SBM relative to the typically developing group, but the most important effects of SBM on RT are seen on tasks that require a cognitive decision rule. Individuals with SBM are impaired not only in speeded performance, but also in the consistency of their performance on tasks that extend over time, which may contribute to poor performance on a range of cognitive tasks. The group with SBM showed smaller corrected corpus callosum proportions, larger corrected cerebellar white matter proportions, and larger corrected proportions for grey matter in the Central Executive and Salience networks. There were clear negative relations between RT measures and corpus callosum, Central Executive, and Default Mode networks in the group with SBM; relations were not observed in typically developing age peers. Statistical mediation analyses indicated that corpus callosum and Central Executive Network were important mediators. While RT is known to rely heavily on white matter under conditions of typical development and in individuals with adult-onset brain injury, we add the new information that additional involvement of grey matter may be important for a key neuropsychological function in a common neurodevelopmental disorder.

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Atrophy in two attention networks is associated with performance on a Flanker task in neurodegenerative disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 59 publications

Dissociable executive functions in behavioral variant frontotemporal and Alzheimer dementias

Dissociable executive functions in behavioral variant frontotemporal and Alzheimer dementias

Relationship between Atrophy of the Medial Temporal Areas and Cognitive Functions in Elderly Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

White and grey matter relations to simple, choice, and cognitive reaction time in spina bifida

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