Attending to emotions is sharing of emotions – A multidisciplinary perspective to social attention and emotional sharing. Comment on Zahavi and Rochat (2015)

Bader, Oren

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.04.012

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, expressions have socio-communicative value. Expressions of emotions also unfold to provide others with information regarding the shared environment (21). This approach fits well with evolutionary theories that suggest that humans had evolved to share their emotions with others through facial expressions and embodied behaviors (78,79).…”

Section: Primary Empathysupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This approach emphasizes that in social encounters, we are not passively gathering information about other people. Rather, others' embodied behaviors are manifested and grasped in relation to the context of the encounter and the dynamics of our engagement (8,21,22). While "theory of mind" views in the philosophical literature emphasizes things that have an epistemic quality such as beliefs, intentions, and judgments, interactionists suggest that primary empathy can already unfold in young infants through attuning to rhythms and dynamics in dyadic interactions (23,24).…”

Section: Beyond the Inner-modeling Dichotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graded Empathy: A Neuro-Phenomenological Hypothesis

Lévy

Bader

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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The neuroscience of empathy has enormously expanded in the past two decades, thereby making instrumental progress for the understanding of neural substrates involved in affective and cognitive aspects of empathy. Yet, these conclusions have relied on ultrasimplified tasks resulting in the affective/cognitive dichotomy that was often modeled and overemphasized in pathological, developmental, and genetic studies of empathy. As such, the affective/cognitive model of empathy could not straightforwardly accommodate and explain the recent surge of neuroscientific data obtained from studies employing naturalistic approaches and intergroup conditions. Inspired by phenomenological philosophy, this article paves the way for a new scientific perspective on empathy that breaks thorough the affective/cognitive dichotomy. This neuro-phenomenological account leans on phenomenological analyses and can straightforwardly explain recent neuroscience data. It emphasizes the dynamic, subjective, and piecemeal features of empathic experiences and unpicks the graded nature of empathy. The graded empathy hypothesis postulates that attending to others' expressions always facilitates empathy, but the parametric modulation in the levels of the empathic experience varies as a function of one's social interest (e.g., via intergroup or inter-personal cues) in the observed other. Drawing on multiple resources that integrate neuroscience with phenomenology, we describe the potential of this graded framework in an era of real-life experimentation. By wearing lenses of neuro-phenomenology, this original perspective can change the way empathy is considered.

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Section: Primary Empathysupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Beyond the Inner-modeling Dichotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded Empathy: A Neuro-Phenomenological Hypothesis

Lévy

Bader

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Significantly, caregiving is, in humans but not in other (nonhuman) higher apes, not restricted to biological mothers. In humans, alloparenting broadens the scope of the primary mother-infant relationship to embrace other caregivers, such as fathers, grandparents, and so forth, and also (gradually) to other group members (Bader, 2016).…”

Section: Empathy In Psychotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…She is not aware of my attention, and yet (some of) her emotions are available for me to share through her expressive gestures and facial expressions. (Bader, 2016, p. 389) I shall not enter into a discussion as to whether or not the man shares the woman’s feeling of sadness in spite of her not being aware of him paying attention to her. What I would like to note is that by simply paying attention to her, the man cannot access the personal meaning connected with the woman’s view of herself and the broader life situation affecting her (unless he speaks to her): Does she feel lonely in an isolated world?…”

Section: Everyday Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empathy for the foreign experience: A convergent phenomenological definition.

Irarrázaval¹

2020

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology

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This article provides a critical review of the main general theories regarding empathy in philosophical psychology active across disciplines. It introduces analyses of empathy carried out in early phenomenology into the current philosophical debate in the fields of analytic philosophy of psychology and social cognition. The article's concluding argument is that because empathy is a necessary precondition for the practice of psychotherapy and lies at the very heart of the psychotherapeutic attitude itself, the concept of empathy offered by phenomenology should be learned, as it promises a more precise definition of term. The phenomenological definition of empathy outlined in the article is based on Edmund Husserl and Edith Stein's classic philosophical analyses, Dan Zahavi's more recent philosophical contributions to phenomenology, and Karl Jaspers' concept of empathic or psychological understanding taken from his early work on phenomenological psychopathology and psychology. Public Significance StatementTo inform of the main general theories of empathy in philosophical psychology and to introduce the phenomenological approach.

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Fourth Level: The Limbic System

Cardinali

2017

Autonomic Nervous System

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Attending to emotions is sharing of emotions – A multidisciplinary perspective to social attention and emotional sharing. Comment on Zahavi and Rochat (2015)

Cited by 10 publications

References 65 publications

Graded Empathy: A Neuro-Phenomenological Hypothesis

Graded Empathy: A Neuro-Phenomenological Hypothesis

Empathy for the foreign experience: A convergent phenomenological definition.

Fourth Level: The Limbic System

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