Attitudes Toward Victims of Rape

Nagel, B.A.; Matsuo, Hisako; McIntyre, Kevin P.; Morrison, Nancy C.

doi:10.1177/0886260505276072

Cited by 97 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It is recognised that it is a limitation of the research that only one half of the audience the campaign targeted is represented within the qualitative discussions. Indeed, men who do not fall into the white, student demographic (as well as those recruited via more randomised means) may endorse different perspectives in light of the way ethnicity, race and education impact on how people conceptualise and talk about sex (Lawrence et al, 2009;Nagel et al, 2005). It should not be assumed, however, that students are a homogenous group.…”

Section: Developing and Analysing The Impacts Of A Rape Prevention Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Location, libation and leisure: An examination of the use of licensed venues to help challenge sexual violence

Gunby

Carline

Taylor

2017

Crime, Media, Culture

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Anti-rape campaign messages have increasingly targeted men in order to educate them on the law of (sexual) consent. The 18-24 age demographic are at increased risk of experiencing sex offences, with over half of these crimes involving alcohol consumption. The interactions which culminate in alcohol involved rape often commence in night time venues, making intuitive sense for prevention campaigns to be based within licensed establishments. The Night Time Economy, however, comprises venues where people go to drink, have fun, take 'time out' and are characterised and criticised for their promotion of sexism. This article therefore asks: how useful are licensed spaces in promoting rape prevention discourses amongst young men? To this end, the paper analyses 41 students' discussions (across six focus groups) regarding a rape prevention campaign that ran in one English city and that directed its prevention advice at males. In doing so, we argue that environments which incite narratives of loss of control and hypersexuality compromise the ability to counter sexual offending. We also argue that the presence of sexually violent advertising within licenced spaces undermines considerably the call to end gendered violence.

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Section: Developing and Analysing The Impacts Of A Rape Prevention Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Location, libation and leisure: An examination of the use of licensed venues to help challenge sexual violence

Gunby

Carline

Taylor

2017

Crime, Media, Culture

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“…Some authors even report that women are more anales de psicología, 2016, vol. 32, nº 1 (enero) likely to blame the victim, at least under certain conditions (e.g., Luginbuhl & Mullin, 1981;Nagel, Matsuo, McIntyre, & Morrison, 2005).…”

Section: The Influence Of Observer Gender On Rape Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

et al. 2015

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Título: Júzgame, no me juzgues: el rol del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la violación por un conocido Resumen: El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto del tamaño ocular y el género del observador en la atracción inicial percibida, honestidad, y atribuciones de responsabilidad en la violación. Se probó un diseño experimental 3 (tamaño del ojo: pequeño vs. normal vs. grande) x 2 (género del observador: masculino vs. femenino). Noventa participantes (45 mujeres y 45 hombres) observaron una de tres caras femeninas asignadas al azar (con manipulación del tamaño de los ojos), y puntuaron la honestidad y atractivo inicial. Entonces se les pidió que leyeran un escenario de violación por conocido con una mujer tradicional, puntuando la responsabilidad de la víctima y del agresor. Se demostró que el tamaño del ojo afecta a todas las variables del estudio: el rostro femenino con ojos grandes fue visto como más atractivo y honesto, se consideró menos responsable de su propia victimización, y el delincuente se vio como más responsable. El género se ha demostrado que afecta a la percepción de atracción inicial y a la responsabilidad de la víctima. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas Palabras clave: Violación por un conocido; tamaño de los ojos; género del observador; atribución de responsabilidad; atractivo; honestidad. Abstract:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eye size and observer gender on perceived initial attraction, honesty, and attributions of responsibility for rape. A 3 (eye size: small vs. normal vs. large) x 2 (observer gender: female vs. male) experimental design was tested. Ninety participants (45 women and 45 men) observed one of three randomly assigned female faces (with eye size manipulation), and rated initial attraction and honesty. They were then asked to read an acquaintance rape scenario with a traditional woman, rating the victim and perpetrator responsibility. Eye size was shown to affect all the study variables: the female face with large eyes was seen as more attractive and honest, was held less responsible for her own victimization, and the offender was held more responsible. Gender was proven to affect perceived initial attraction and victim responsibility. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

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“…This form of victim blaming and questioning of the survivor's credibility is referred to as secondary victimization and often prevents rape survivors from prosecuting their attackers (Ullman, 1996). Literature investigating attitudes toward rape survivors shows that women are more sympathetic and less likely to endorse rape myths than men (Struckman-Johnson & Struckman-Johnson, 1992), as are Whites compared to Latinos (Jimenez & Abreu, 2003), Asian Americans (Lee & Cheung, 1991;Yamawaki & Tschanz, 2005), and African Americans, although these differences become nonsignificant when education and income are controlled, suggesting that higher education and higher income lead to more sympathetic views (Nagel, Matsuo, McIntyre, & Morrison, 2005).…”

Section: Victim Blame and Classismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Class and Sexuality-Based Stereotyping on Rape Blame

Spencer

2016

Sexualization, Media, & Society

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In order to investigate whether stereotypes about sexuality can impact perceptions of sexual assault, participants read a scenario that described a situation in which a woman reported being raped. The woman's socioeconomic status (SES) was varied, so that she appeared to be of low or high-SES. Following the vignette, participants completed explicit measures that assessed victim blame, attitudes toward rape victims, and perceived promiscuity. Participants also answered an open-ended question that was coded for minimizing and maximizing language. Last, participants completed an ''attitude survey'' that measured classist attitudes. It was hypothesized that participants who read about the low-SES woman would show more rape blame, display more negative attitudes about rape victims, respond to the open-ended question with more minimizing language, and perceive her as being more promiscuous. It was also predicted that these explicit measures would be positively correlated and that the language measure would be moderated by participants' classism. Results supported these hypotheses. Participants who read about the low-SES survivor showed more negative attitudes, believed her to be more culpable, and more promiscuous. The explicit measures were positively correlated. Additionally, participants differed in linguistic minimization and maximization, such that participants who were low in classism were more likely to maximize the low-SES target's experience, whereas participants who were high in classism were more likely to minimize the low-SES target's experience. Taken together, these results suggest that low-SES women are stereotyped as being promiscuous and that this stereotype affects how they may be blamed after cases of sexual assault. Public Health Significance Statement: The results of this study suggest that low-socioeconomic status (SES) survivors of assault are more likely to be blamed and found culpable for the assault than high-SES women. These attitudes correlate with stereotypes about low-SES women's sexuality.

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Attitudes Toward Victims of Rape

Cited by 97 publications

References 21 publications

Location, libation and leisure: An examination of the use of licensed venues to help challenge sexual violence

Location, libation and leisure: An examination of the use of licensed venues to help challenge sexual violence

Judge me, judge me not: The role of eye size and observer gender on acquaintance rape

The Impact of Class and Sexuality-Based Stereotyping on Rape Blame

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