Audio Watermarking Via EMD

Khaldi, Kais; Boudraa, Abdel-Ouahab

doi:10.1109/tasl.2012.2227733

Cited by 97 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We can conclude that after the results presented in the two tables II and III that the proposed technique presents interesting performance, point of view imperceptibility of the brand (ODG = -0.2), important payload data (185.45 bps) and robustness against MP3 attack at a rate equal to 64 Kbps. Despite the fact that the robustness against MP3 attack at a compression ratio equal to 64 Kbps remains interesting, we note that the technique proposed in [23] guarantee robustness at a rate of 32 Kbps, which is still interesting and a challenge to reach.…”

Section: A) Against Attacks Stirmark Audiomentioning

confidence: 94%

A Robust Audio Watermarking Technique Operates in MDCT Domain based on Perceptual Measures

Bellaaj¹,

Ouni²

2016

ijacsa

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Abstract-the review presents a digital audio watermarking technique operating in the frequency domain with two variants. This technique uses the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) to move to the frequency domain. To ensure more inaudibility, we exploited the proprieties of the psychoacoustic model 1 (PMH1) of MPEG1 encoder layer I in the first variant and those of psychoacoustic model 2 (PMH2) of MPEG1 encoder Layer III in the second alternative to search the places for insertion of the watermark. In both variants of the technique, the bits of the mark will be duplicated to increase the capacity of insertion then inserted into the least significant bit (LSB). For more reliability in the detection phase, we use an error correction code (Hamming) on the mark.Next, to analyze the performance of the proposed technique, we perform two comparative studies. In the first, we compare the proposed digital audio watermarking technique with her two variants and those achieved by Luigi Rosa and Rolf Brigola, 'which we download the M-files of each'. The technique developed by Luigi Rosa operates in the frequency domain but using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) as transformation and that proposed by Rolf Brigola uses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). We studied the robustness of each technique against different types of attacks such as compression / decompression MP3, stirmark audio attack and we evaluated the inaudibility by using an objective approach by calculating the SNR and the ODG notes given by PEAQ. The robustness of this technique is shown against different types of attacks. In the second, we prove the contribution of the proposed technique by comparing the payload data, imperceptibility and robustness against attack MP3 with others existing techniques in the literature.

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Section: A) Against Attacks Stirmark Audiomentioning

confidence: 94%

A Robust Audio Watermarking Technique Operates in MDCT Domain based on Perceptual Measures

Bellaaj¹,

Ouni²

2016

ijacsa

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“…Simulation results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is highly robust against various attacks such as noise addition, cropping, re-sampling, re-quantization, and MP3 compression. Moreover, it shows good performance in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload compared with some state-ofthe-art methods [7][8][9], [11], [12], [14][15][16][17][18][19], [21]. The SNR of the proposed scheme range from 27 to 36 dB, in contrast to the state-of-the-art methods whose SNR's range from only 12 to 28 dB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We observed that the ODG values range from -0.49 to -1.43, indicating that original and watermarked audio signals are perceptually similar. Table 3 shows a comparison of SNR and MOS results between the proposed scheme and the several recent methods which are based on the reported results in the references [7][8][9], [12], [14][15][16], [19], [21]. From the comparison results, it is seen that our proposed scheme shows better performance than the recent watermarking methods in terms of SNR and MOS, except the method reported in Reference Algorithm SNR MOS [7] DWT-based energy proportion 17.95 4.15 [8] Wavelet-based entropy 22.46 4.38 [19] TS echo hiding 22.70 4.70 [12] EMD 24.12 -- [15] DWT-SVD 24.37 4.46 [14] SVD 27.13 -- [9] Optimisation-based quantisation 29.50 -- [16] DCT-SVD 32.53 4.71 [21] DCT-SVD-LPT 37.…”

Section: ) Objective Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erçelebi and Batakçı [11] presented a watermarking method in LWT domain in which a binary image is embedded as watermark; however, from the reported result, robustness against attacks is quite low. Khaldi et al [12] proposed a watermarking scheme based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in which watermark bits are embedded into the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). But the subjective evaluation of the proposed scheme was not conducted and the data payload is quite low.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blind Audio Watermarking in Transform Domain Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Exponential-Log Operations

Dhar¹,

Shimamura²

2017

RADIOENGINEERING

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Abstract. Digital watermarking has drawn extensive attention for copyright protection of multimedia data. This paper introduces a blind audio watermarking scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain based on singular value decomposition (SVD), exponential operation (EO), and logarithm operation (LO). In our proposed scheme, initially the original audio is segmented into non-overlapping frames and DCT is applied to each frame. Low frequency DCT coefficients are divided into sub-bands and power of each sub band is calculated. EO is performed on

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“…Kais Khaldi [1] proposed an audio watermarking via EMD. The audio signal is divided into frames and by applying EMD such that each frame is decomposed adaptively into a set of intrinsic mode functions and a final residual.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Audio Watermarking Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

Shara¹

2017

IJRASET

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an audio watermarking based on Empirical mode decomposition is proposed. The watermark is embedded in the final residual because of the intrinsic feature of the final residual. The audio signal is divided into set of frames and by using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), frames are decomposed into set of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and a final residual. The watermarked data is embedded in the final residual and the algorithm works by shifting each element of the final residual for make its sum greater or less than 0. This algorithm does not change the property of the final residual after embedding the watermark bit on to the final residual because of the watermark is robust against various types of attacks.

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Audio Watermarking Via EMD

Cited by 97 publications

References 21 publications

A Robust Audio Watermarking Technique Operates in MDCT Domain based on Perceptual Measures

A Robust Audio Watermarking Technique Operates in MDCT Domain based on Perceptual Measures

Blind Audio Watermarking in Transform Domain Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Exponential-Log Operations

Audio Watermarking Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

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