Auger spectrum of ammonia

Shaw, Robert W.; Jen, James S.; Thomas, T. D.

doi:10.1016/0368-2048(77)85050-0

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…However, as noticed earlier in this discussion, it seems to be likely to correlate the onset measured at 65.9 eV with the dissociation of a NH 3 2+ ( 1 E) state observed at 61 eV by Auger electron spectroscopy [16][17][18]. Similarly, the second threshold of N 2+ , measured at 74.2 eV, could be ascribed to the dissociation of the NH 3 2+ ( 1 A 1 ) state observed at about 70 eV [16][17][18].…”

supporting

confidence: 68%

“…[15] 35.4 ± 0.1 40.1 ± 0.1 46.1 [16] 34.0 39.0 45.3 [17] 33.4 ± 0.5 37.6 ± 0.5 44.1 ± 0.5 a) UsingIP (NH 3 ) = 10.175 eV [14]. b) Using IP (NH 3 + ) =34.8 eV as determined in this work.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The doubly ionized NH 3 2+ state, which dissociates at this energy, is expected to have a deep potential well. By Auger electron spectroscopy [16][17][18] doubly ionized states were detected at about 61.3 and 70 eV. These two states were described by (2a -1 ,le -1 ) 1 E and (2a -2 ) 1 A 1 configurations respectively.…”

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confidence: 95%

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The double ionization of ammonia. Its dissociation into the doubly ionized fragment N2+

Locht

Momigny

1987

Chemical Physics Letters

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The double ionization and dissociation of NH 3 into the doubly ionized fragment N 2+ is investigated by electron impact. Two double ionization energies of NH 3 are directly measured at 34.8 ± 0.2 and 39.4 ± 0.5 eV. A third critical energy observed at 66 eV is assigned to a NH 3 2+ state whose ionization energy is at 61 eV. Two appearance energies are observed for the N 2+ ion at 65.9 ± 1.7 and 74.3 ± 2.6 eV. The translational energy distribution of N 2+ is shown to be essentially thermal. The former onset is ascribed to the dissociation of the 61 eV state of NH 3 2+ , the latter originates from a doubly ionized NH 3 2+ state at 70 eV.Compared to the literature dedicated to ionization and dissociation of molecular cations, the abundance of work devoted to double ionization is very small. This statement has to be ascribed to the generally low abundance of double ionized species. Until recently, only electron impact and high-energy ion impact allowed us to observe these species. The improvement of high-energy light sources, e.g. He (II) resonance lamps, and even more the increasing number of electron synchrotron radiation facilities, allowed us to reach photon energies far above the 21.22 eV energy limit. These developments were the starting point of an increasing number of publications in the field of double and even multiple ionization.During the last few years, the double ionization of NH 3 has been studied by several techniques including double charge transfer spectroscopy (DCTS) [ 2+ into singly as well as doubly ionized fragment ions. The dissociation of doubly charged NH 3 into pairs of singly charged ions has recently been studied by photoionization using the photoion-photoion coincidence (PIPICO) technique [3]. Several theoretical calculations have been devoted to the NH 3 dication, using a variety of techniques [1,[6][7][8].The aim of this work was to investigate the double ionization of NH 3 , as well as its dissociation, as a complementary source of information for the detailed study of the dissociative ionization of NH 3 and ND 3 in the 15-45 eV energy range. This work is still in progress [9]. The doubly ionized species, observed in the mass spectrum of NH 3 , are included in this work.The experimental apparatus and the experimental conditions used in the course of this work have been described in detail elsewhere [10]. At the present time the instrument is fully computer controlled [11], The ammonia and ammonia-d 3 , purchased from Air Liquide and Merck, Sharp & Dohme respectively, are distilled under high vacuum to reduce the traces of water in the samples. Special care is taken to reduce the background signal of N + and O + by prolongated bake-out at 250° C. Owing to the low intensity of the signals, each first differentiated ionization efficiency curve was scanned 600-700 times, requiring 20-30 h. This operation was repeated at least 10-15 times. The onset energies reported in this work are averaged values from these 10-15 independent measurements. The error limits mentioned are the standard devia...

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confidence: 68%

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confidence: 92%

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The double ionization of ammonia. Its dissociation into the doubly ionized fragment N2+

Locht

Momigny

1987

Chemical Physics Letters

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“…The molecular spectrum was obtained from the published Auger spectrum of gas phase ammonia by Shaw and co-workers, ref. 27. The orbital designations of the four states yielding the highest kinetic energy Auger electrons, for the monomer, was also taken from ref.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge delocalization dynamics of ammonia in different hydrogen bonding environments: free clusters and in liquid water solution

Lindblad

Bergersen

Pokapanich

et al. 2009

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Valence and core level photoelectron spectra and Auger electron spectra of ammonia in pure clusters have been measured. The Auger electron spectra of gas-phase ammonia, pure ammonia clusters and ammonia in aqueous solution are compared and interpreted via ab initio calculations of the Auger spectrum of the ammonia monomer and dimer. The calculations reveal that the final two-hole valence states can be delocalized over both ammonia molecules. Features at energies pertaining to delocalized states involving one, or more, hydrogen bonding orbitals can be found in both the ammonia cluster Auger electron spectrum and in that of the liquid solvated molecule. The lower Coulombic repulsion between two delocalized valence final state holes gives higher kinetic energy of the Auger electrons which is also observed in the spectra. This decay path--specific to the condensed phase--is responsible for more than 5% of the total cluster Auger intensity. Moreover, this interpretation is also applicable to the solid phase since the same features have been observed, but not assigned, in the Auger spectrum of solid ammonia.

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“…Subsequently, they were followed by experimental [4][5][6][7] and theoretical 8,9 investigations of the Auger decay of polyatomic molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-photon double and triple ionization of acetaldehyde (ethanal) studied by multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Chemical Physics. This paper has been peerreviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination.Citation for the original published paper (version of record):Zagorodskikh, S., Zhaunerchyk, V., Mucke, M., Eland, J H., Squibb, R J. et al. (2015) Single-photon double and triple ionization of acetaldehyde (ethanal) studied by multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy. Single-photon multiple ionization processes of acetaldehyde (ethanal) have been experimentally investigated by utilizing a multi-particle coincidence technique based on the time-of-flight magnetic bottle principle, in combination with either a synchrotron radiation source or a pulsed helium discharge lamp. The processes investigated include double and triple ionization in the valence region as well as single and doubleAuger decay of core-ionized acetaldehyde. The latter are studied site-selectively for chemically different carbon core vacancies, scrutinizing early theoretical predictions specifically made for the case of acetaldehyde. Moreover, Auger processes in shake-up and core-valence ionized states are investigated. In the cases where the processes involve simultaneous emission of two electrons, the distributions of the energy sharing are presented, emphasizing either the knock-out or shake-off mechanism.a)

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Auger spectrum of ammonia

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

The double ionization of ammonia. Its dissociation into the doubly ionized fragment N2+

The double ionization of ammonia. Its dissociation into the doubly ionized fragment N2+

Charge delocalization dynamics of ammonia in different hydrogen bonding environments: free clusters and in liquid water solution

Single-photon double and triple ionization of acetaldehyde (ethanal) studied by multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy

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