Augmenting the Driver's View with Peripheral Information on a Windshield Display

Abstract

Windshield displays (WSDs) are information displays covering the entire windshield. Current WSD test setups place information at different distances, but always within the driver's foveal field of view. We built two WSD test setups, which present information not only at various distances within the driver's visual focus, but also in the peripheral field of view. Then we evaluated the display of information in the periphery on both WSD setups in a user study. While making sure the participants would look at the peripheral information, we measured the display's impact on driving performance. Subjects were also asked about their driving experience with the windshield displays and their preference among the two setups.

Ergonomic Guidelines of Head-Up Display User Interface during Semi-Automated Driving

“…A review of how information is presented, including visual elements of the HUD, such as location, arrangement, and color, showed that a two-dimensional image of distance intuitively provided to the driver has a low workload [53]. A leading study of information types and levels of numbers in the HUD showed more than double the response time as the number increased from four to seven [13,47]. In this study, the number of information was fewer than six, showing similar results.…”

“…The performance is also affected by the area and layout of the HUD and, trust, confidence, and predictability factors also tend to increase if the HUD is combined with speech and becomes multimodal [10,11]. This not only reduces the driver's visual distractions but also improves cognitive judgment [12,13], whereas the overall market demand for HUD, which encompasses windshield and combiner types, is also on a steady rise [14].With the development of IVIS, such as in-vehicle entertainment and driving assistance systems, the importance of the HUD, which assists the vehicle-to-driver interface, is increasingly being emphasized. However, in driving situations where visual elements are essential, the information provided during driving should be visually recognizable by the driver up to 90% and the display should be designed to inhibit the distraction of focus in complex systems and to prevent split attention [15,16].…”

“…The performance is also affected by the area and layout of the HUD and, trust, confidence, and predictability factors also tend to increase if the HUD is combined with speech and becomes multimodal [10,11]. This not only reduces the driver's visual distractions but also improves cognitive judgment [12,13], whereas the overall market demand for HUD, which encompasses windshield and combiner types, is also on a steady rise [14].…”

A Design Space to Support the Development of Windshield Applications for the Car

“…ambient information), or is actually meant to attain the driver's attention and lead it towards a hazard [47]. Of course, peripheral perception can be highly distracting and therefore needs to be used and designed carefully (see Haeuslschmid [46,47] for a discussion).…”

“…By now, there are two major ways of generating a WSD image [46]: The first and simplest approach is to generate the image directly on the windshield itself: Either a (laser) projector is directed onto the windshield [36,57,102] or a transparent display such as OLEDs are integrated into the windshield [17]. This approach is advantageous compared to standard head down displays as the driver can keep the head up and the road situation in view while reading the display.…”