Australian native plant species Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes shows the potential of cadmium phytoremediation

Abstract

Many polluted sites are typically characterized by contamination with multiple heavy metals, drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. Here, an Australian native succulent halophytic plant species, Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes (Aizoaceae) was investigated to assess its tolerance and phytoextraction potential of Cd, Zn, and the combination of Cd and Zn, when plants were grown in soils spiked with various concentrations of Cd (20-320 mg kg(-1) Cd), Zn (150-2,400 mg kg(-1) Zn) or Cd + Zn (20 + 150, 40 + 300, 80 + 600 mg kg(-1)). The concentration of Cd in plant parts followed the order of roots > stems > leaves, resulting in Cd translocation factor (TF, concentration ratio of shoots to roots) less than one. In contrast, the concentration of Zn was in order of leaves > stems > roots, with a Zn TF greater than one. However, the amount of Cd and Zn were distributed more in leaves than in stems or roots, which was attributed to higher biomass of leaves than stems or roots. The critical value that causes 10% shoot biomass reduction was 115 μg g(-1) for Cd and 1,300 μg g(-1) for Zn. The shoot Cd uptake per plant increased with increasing Cd addition while shoot Zn uptake peaked at 600 mg kg(-1) Zn addition. The combined addition of Cd and Zn reduced biomass production more than Cd or Zn alone and significantly increased Cd concentration, but did not affect Zn concentration in plant parts. The results suggest that C. rossii is able to hyperaccumulate Cd and can be a promising candidate for phytoextraction of Cd from polluted soils.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance the growth and Cd uptake of Sedum plumbizincicola in a Cd-contaminated soil

“…The PGPR strains must be tolerant to heavy metals constitutively or adaptively by exclusion, physical sequestration, detoxification, and complexion (Nies 2003). In this study, nine Cd-tolerant PGPRs were isolated from the roots of Cd accumulator plants (S. arboretum, S. X Graptosedum, C. multicava, and C. rossii) grown on Cdcontaminated soil (Zhang et al 2014). On the basis of colony morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequence, the nine strains were identified as E. ludwigii (NSX1, NCR3, and LCR9), R. erythropolis (NSX2 and CCM2), E. cancerogenus (NSE2), C. davisa (NCR1 and LCR1), and Arthrobacter sp.…”

“…These plants are Australian native plant species which had greater shoot biomass production, and C. rossii can hyperaccumulate Cd (Zhang et al 2014). Roots were washed in sterile water before homogenization in 1 mL of sterile water using sterile mortar and pestle.…”

Biosorption and equilibrium isotherms study of cadmium removal by Nostoc muscorum Meg 1: morphological, physiological and biochemical alterations

“…One must understand that the concentration of various contaminants may change from time to time depending on the amount of coal residues that enters the rice fields with water, especially during rainy season. Heavy metals including Cd gets accumulated in crops (Murakami et al 2008;Zhang et al 2014) and further gets concentrated along the food chain creating threat of chronic exposure in animals and humans producing adverse affects as mentioned above. Rice fields provide conducive atmosphere for cyanobacterial growth in terms of availability of light, water and nutrients whereas in turn, these organisms provide fixed nitrogen on their turn over to the rice crop (Prasanna et al 2014).…”

Studies on Gypsophila fastigiata parameters verifying its suitability to reclamation of post-flotation Zn-Pb wastes

“…New, low costs, environmentally friendly and practical approach is to use biological methods. The efficient creation of vegetation cover or acceleration of spontaneous succession rate on mine wastelands may not only stabilize and protect the ground from water and wind erosion, but also restore biological life, and thus prevent further environment contamination (Tordoff et al 2000, Skubała 2011, Zhang et al 2014. Therefore, the selection of proper plant material, tolerant to toxic levels of heavy metals and hostile growing conditions, is extremely important issue when metalliferous areas are reclaimed.…”

“…Special attention is currently paid on https://journals.agh.edu.pl/geol Muszyńska E., Hanus-Fajerska E., Ciarkowska K. native plants species that spontaneously invade mine wastes (Szarek-Łukaszewska 2009, Muszyńs-ka et al 2013, Singh et al 2015, and locally occurring populations are considered to be much more resistant to harsh conditions in comparison to other plant material. Consequently, they can be used for reclamation purposes (Testiati et al 2013, Zhang et al 2014. Another useful approach is application of different amendments to promote plants growth in order to stabilize wastes without delay and as a result the mobility of pollutants.…”