Author Correction: Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and the neuro-ophthalmologic effects of microgravity: a review and an update

Lee, Andrew G.; Mader, Thomas H.; Gibson, Charles R.; Tarver, William J.; Rabiei, Pejman; Riascos, Roy F.; Galdamez, Laura A.; Brunstetter, Tyson

doi:10.1038/s41526-020-00114-8

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Alterations in gravitational fluid pressure gradients caused by the microgravity of orbital spaceflight and hypergravity associated with takeoff and landing pose unique physiological challenges for the astronaut brain. Recent interest has focused on the complex pathophysiology underlying a constellation of debilitating neurological, ophthalmological, and neurovestibular symptoms, known collectively as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) ( 226 ). At the cellular level, microgravity has been associated with a loss of cytoskeletal integrity through dissociation of actin and tubulin bundles ( 227 ), and evidence obtained using animal models suggests that BBB disruption may occur during the early phases of unloading induced by suspension or microgravity ( 228 ) and during hypergravity induced by prolonged centrifugation ( 229 , 230 ).…”

Section: Gravitational Stress Cerebrovascular Regulation and Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts

et al. 2021

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Within the neurovascular unit (NVU), the blood–brain barrier (BBB) operates as a key cerebrovascular interface, dynamically insulating the brain parenchyma from peripheral blood and compartments. Increased BBB permeability is clinically relevant for at least two reasons: it actively participates to the etiology of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and it enables the diagnosis of neurological disorders based on the detection of CNS molecules in peripheral body fluids. In pathological conditions, a suite of glial, neuronal, and pericyte biomarkers can exit the brain reaching the peripheral blood and, after a process of filtration, may also appear in saliva or urine according to varying temporal trajectories. Here, we specifically examine the evidence in favor of or against the use of protein biomarkers of NVU damage and BBB permeability in traumatic head injury, including sport (sub)concussive impacts, seizure disorders, and neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease. We further extend this analysis by focusing on the correlates of human extreme physiology applied to the NVU and its biomarkers. To this end, we report NVU changes after prolonged exercise, freediving, and gravitational stress, focusing on the presence of peripheral biomarkers in these conditions. The development of a biomarker toolkit will enable minimally invasive routines for the assessment of brain health in a broad spectrum of clinical, emergency, and sport settings.

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Section: Gravitational Stress Cerebrovascular Regulation and Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts

et al. 2021

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“…Rarely, arterial ruptures of the aorta, carotid, femoral, or pulmonary arteries have been reported early after massive radiation, although most have argued that it was related to surgery; however, rare case reports describe smooth muscle absence and fraying of elastic fibers ( 14 , 21 ). In astronauts, spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome is hypothesized to be caused by radiation-induced angiosclerosis, given the increased radiation exposure during long-duration space flight and on the International Space Station ( 22 ).…”

Section: Pathogenic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-Induced Vascular Disease—A State-of-the-Art Review

Yang

Marmagkiolis

Balanescu

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Since the 1990s, there has been a steady increase in the number of cancer survivors to an estimated 17 million in 2019 in the US alone. Radiation therapy today is applied to a variety of malignancies and over 50% of cancer patients. The effects of ionizing radiation on cardiac structure and function, so-called radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD), have been extensively studied. We review the available published data on the mechanisms and manifestations of RIHD, with a focus on vascular disease, as well as proposed strategies for its prevention, screening, diagnosis, and management.

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“…Alterations in cerebral circulation and intracranial pressure (ICP) induced by the cephalad fluid shift during spaceflight may be partially related to health problems in astronauts, such as headache ( 1 ) and space-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) ( 2 ). To better understand these important health issues in the field of space medicine, various studies focusing on cerebral circulation and ICP have been conducted in recent years ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To better understand these important health issues in the field of space medicine, various studies focusing on cerebral circulation and ICP have been conducted in recent years ( 3 , 4 ). However, the etiology of SANS remains contentious ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of −10° and −30° head-down tilt on cerebral blood velocity, dynamic cerebral autoregulation, and noninvasively estimated intracranial pressure

Kato

Kurazumi

Konishi

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Background: Steady-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and dynamic cerebral autoregulation are reportedly maintained during -10° head-down tilt (HDT) despite slight increases in intracranial pressure (ICP). However, the higher ICP during -30° HDT may alter steady-state CBF and dynamic cerebral autoregulation. The present study hypothesized that steady-state CBF and dynamic cerebral autoregulation would be altered by higher ICP during -30° HDT than during 0° and -10° HDT. Methods: Seventeen healthy participants were positioned horizontal (0°) and in -10° HDT and -30° HDT for 10 min in random order on separate days. The arterial blood pressure waveform was obtained using a finger blood pressure device and the cerebral blood velocity waveform in the middle cerebral artery was obtained using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) for the last 6 min in each position. ICP was estimated using non-invasive ICP (nICP) based on TCD. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation was evaluated by spectral and transfer function analysis. Results: Although nICP was significantly higher during -30° HDT (12.4 mmHg) than during -10° HDT (8.9 mmHg), no significant differences in steady-state mean cerebral blood velocity or transfer function gain in any frequency ranges were seen among all angles of HDT. Conclusion: Counter to our hypothesis, the present results suggest that steady-state CBF and dynamic cerebral autoregulation may be preserved during short-term -30° HDT despite the higher ICP compared to that during -10° HDT.

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Author Correction: Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and the neuro-ophthalmologic effects of microgravity: a review and an update

Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts

Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts

Radiation-Induced Vascular Disease—A State-of-the-Art Review

Effects of −10° and −30° head-down tilt on cerebral blood velocity, dynamic cerebral autoregulation, and noninvasively estimated intracranial pressure

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