Autonomic and endocrine control of cardiovascular function

Gordan, Richard; Gwathmey, Judith K.; Xie, Lai-Hua

doi:10.4330/wjc.v7.i4.204

Cited by 524 publications

(421 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The metabolic demands of the fetoplacental unit require that 25% of the CO be allotted to arterial blood flow to the uterus (57). To increase the CO, the RVLM of the brain stem sends excitatory inputs to the cardiac preganglionic sympathetic nerves, residing in the intermediolateral cell column (IMLCC) of the spinal cord at thoracic levels T1–T4 (58–60). Exiting the cord via spinal nerves at the same levels, these cardiac preganglionic nerves synapse with postganglionic fibers within paravertebral ganglia (59–61).…”

Section: The Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Physiological Adamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac postganglionic sympathetic fibers project to the sinoatrial and the atrioventricular nodes of the heart, and release norepinephrine that binds to β 1 adrenergic receptors (60, 62). The resulting signaling pathway increases cyclic AMP and activates protein kinase A, which leads to increased cardiac output (58, 60, 63, 64). …”

Section: The Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Physiological Adamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preeclampsia and the brain: neural control of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and neurological outcomes of preeclampsia

2016

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a form of gestational hypertension that complicates ~ 5 percent of pregnancies worldwide. Over 70 percent of the fatal cases of PE are attributed to cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage, and eclampsia. The etiology of PE originates from abnormal remodeling of the maternal spiral arteries, creating an ischemic placenta that releases factors that drive the pathophysiology. An initial neurological outcome of PE is the absence of the autonomically regulated cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy. PE patients exhibit sympathetic overactivation, in comparison to both normotensive pregnant and hypertensive non-pregnant females. Moreover, PE diminishes baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) beyond that observed in healthy pregnancy. The absence of the cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy, combined with sympathovagal imbalance and a blunted BRS leads to life-threatening neurological outcomes. Behaviorally, the increased incidences of maternal depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in PE are correlated to low fetal birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and premature birth. This review addresses these neurological consequences of PE that present in the gravid female both during and after the index pregnancy.

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Section: The Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Physiological Adamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Autonomic Regulation Of Cardiovascular Physiological Adamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preeclampsia and the brain: neural control of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and neurological outcomes of preeclampsia

2016

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“…This discrepancy can be explained by the non-negligible impact of differences in body temperature, neuronal, and/or hormonal regulation that would be absent in ex vivo heart preparations. Possible mechanisms involved in lowering the heart rate in MK2-deficient mice include changes in autonomic regulation of heart function: an enhanced parasympathetic regulation and/or a decreased sympathetic regulation could reduce heart rate (Gordan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MK2-deficient mice are bradycardic and display delayed hypertrophic remodelling in response to a chronic increase in afterload

Ruiz

Khairallah

Dingar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Key points summaryThe cardiac characterization of pan MK2-null mice showed: i) altered autonomic regulation of heart rate ii) increased expression of key metabolic genes iii) decreased Ca 2+ -sensitivity for MPTP opening iv) delayed hypertrophic remodeling in response to increased afterload Abstract MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MK2) is protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38α/β. Herein we examined the cardiac phenotype of pan MK2-null (MK2 -/-) mice. Survival curves for male MK2 +/+ and MK2 -/mice did not differ (Mantel-Cox test, P = 0.580). At 12-weeks of age, MK2 -/mice exhibited normal systolic function along with signs of possible early diastolic dysfunction; however, ageing was not associated with an abnormal reduction in diastolic function.Both R-R interval and P-R segment durations were prolonged in MK2-deficient mice. However, heart rates normalized when isolated hearts were perfused ex vivo in working mode. Ca 2+ transients evoked by field stimulation or caffeine were similar in ventricular myocytes from MK2 +/+ and MK2 -/mice. MK2 -/mice had lower body temperature and an age-dependent reduction in body weight. mRNA levels of key metabolic genes, including Ppargc1a, Acadm, Lipe, and Ucp3 were increased in hearts from MK2 -/mice. For equivalent respiration rates, mitochondria from MK2 -/hearts showed a significant decrease in Ca 2+ -sensitivity to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Finally, the pressure overloadinduced increase in heart weight/tibia length and decrease in systolic function were attenuated in MK2 -/mice two weeks, but not eight weeks, after constriction of the transverse aorta.Collectively, these results implicate MK2 in (i) autonomic regulation of heart rate, (ii) cardiac mitochondrial function, and (iii) the early stages of myocardial remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload. Keywords: p38 MAPK, MK2, bradycardia, cardiac remodeling, mitochondrial permeability transition pore Abbreviations ANF, atrial natriuretic factor; BW, body weight; CS, citrate synthase; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; DTT, dithiothreitol; E, early diastolic transmitral filling velocity; EDT, early diastolic transmitral filling deceleration time; Em, peak early diastolic tissue velocity; HW, heart weight; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; ICDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; IVRTc, rate-corrected isovolumic relaxation time; LV, left ventricle; LVAWd, left ventricle anterior wall end-diastolic thickness; LVPWd, left ventricle posterior wall end-diastolic thickness; LVEDD, left ventricular enddiastolic diameter; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; FS, fractional shortening,

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“…Heart rate (HR) is an indicator of the balance of multiple physiological systems such as the cerebral cortex, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and baroreflex [1,2]. Even while at rest, HR continuously adapts to physiological adjustments such as changes in arterial pressure caused by breathing [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Robustness of Smartphone Photoplethysmography: A Signal Quality Index Approach

Liu

Peng

2020

Sensors

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Heart rate variability (HRV) provides essential health information such as the risks of heart attacks and mental disorders. However, inconvenience related to the accurate detection of HRV limits its potential applications. The ubiquitous use of smartphones makes them an excellent choice for regular and portable health monitoring. Following this trend, smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) has recently garnered prominence; however, the lack of robustness has prevented both researchers and practitioners from embracing this technology. This study aimed to bridge the gap in the literature by developing a novel smartphone PPG quality index (SPQI) that can filter corrupted data. A total of 226 participants joined the study, and results from 1343 samples were used to validate the proposed sinusoidal function-based model. In both the correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analyses, the agreement between HRV measurements generated by both the smartphone PPG and the reference electrocardiogram improved when data were filtered through the SPQI. Our results support not only the proposed approach but also the general value of using smartphone PPG in HRV analysis.new approaches to make health information more accessible than before. Among these approaches, smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) has gained prominence [21,22]; it is an optical method that uses sensors to monitor the microvascular blood volume changes in body tissues [23]. As hemoglobin absorbs more light than the surrounding tissue, an increase (systole) or decrease (diastole) in the amount of blood can be assessed by employing the differences in the intensities of the lights and the converted waveforms. Smartphone PPG detects heartbeats by recording videos of fingertips using the in-built camera [24,25].The primary motivation for using smartphone PPG, compared to other wearable devices, is that it requires minimal equipment. Given that smartphones with in-built cameras have become a part of modern life, using them to access health information is an ideal alternative when ECGs or similar medical devices are not available [26]. In addition, there have been several reported techniques for increasing the accuracy of smartphone PPG, such as point-of-interest selection [27], bandpass filtering [28], adaptive signal thresholding [29], motion detection techniques [30][31][32], interpolation techniques [33], and signal decomposition methods [34][35][36]. Bioengineering studies indicate that the average HR [37] and HRV measured using smartphone PPG are comparable with those measured using gold standard ECGs [21,28,[38][39][40].Although it is a promising solution for practical data collection and has an accuracy that has been well proved in several experiments, using smartphone PPG to measure HRV has received limited research attention in applied disciplines such as medicine or psychology [41]; a possible explanation is the lack of robustness in practical scenarios. When smartphone users measure their heartbeats outside a laboratory environment, slight hand movements or ...

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Autonomic and endocrine control of cardiovascular function

Cited by 524 publications

References 14 publications

Preeclampsia and the brain: neural control of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and neurological outcomes of preeclampsia

Preeclampsia and the brain: neural control of cardiovascular changes during pregnancy and neurological outcomes of preeclampsia

MK2-deficient mice are bradycardic and display delayed hypertrophic remodelling in response to a chronic increase in afterload

Enhancing the Robustness of Smartphone Photoplethysmography: A Signal Quality Index Approach

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