Autumn growth of Elytrigia repens, Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis at high latitudes in an outdoor pot experiment

Tørresen, Kirsten; Fykse, Haldor; Rafoss, Trond

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00791.x

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Insignificant or varying responses of C. arvense to shallow post-harvest cultivations or cover-crop growing have also been observed in other studies (e.g., Brandsaeter et al, 2011;Melander et al, 2012). Brandsaeter et al (2010) and Tørresen et al (2010) infer that post-harvest measures against C. arvense populations showing little or varying readiness of adventive buds on roots to sprout in late summer and autumn would have a limited effect since innate bud dormancy makes it difficult to exhaust the carbohydrate reserves in the roots. The rather intensive handpulling of C. arvense in this study is another aspect likely to have masked any effects of the post-harvest treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Melander

Rasmussen

Olesen

2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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A B S T R A C TFertility building measures are important components in improving the productivity of organic cropping systems without livestock. However, some measures seem to be incompatible with the control of perennial weeds that can have adverse effects such as significant weed competition. The influence of fertility building measures (N 2 -fixing crops in the crop sequence, cover crops and manuring) and the abundance of perennial weeds were studied in a long-term crop rotation experiment at two locations in Denmark. The aim was to gain insight into the factors that influence the growth of perennial weed species occurring in mixed stands. Data were obtained from three cycles of four-year arable crop rotations comprising various cash crops in rotations with and without annual whole-year grass-clover as green manure and subjected to four treatment combinations: with and without animal manure and with and without cover crops. Severe outbreaks of perennial weed problems did not occur at the location that had the highest soil fertility, whereas the other site demonstrated dynamic growth of Cirsium arvense and Elytrigia repens. Grain legumes tended to promote the growth of C. arvense, while manuring was neutral to C. arvense but beneficial to E. repens. Cover crops assisted the growth of E. repens since prolonged mechanical interventions were not possible. Compatibility was only achieved with grass-clover and C. arvense, meaning that green manure crops suitable for cutting and mulching could offer an important management option against C. arvense but not against E. repens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Melander

Rasmussen

Olesen

2016

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…This is probably due to the higher presence of C. arvense and T. farfara, as opposed to E. repens, in experiment 2. The two dicotyledonous perennials are known to grow less readily in late summer and autumn than E. repens (Brandsaeter et al, 2010;Tørresen et al, 2010). Depleting the carbohydrates in the roots of C. arvense and rhizomes of T. farfara is probably less pronounced as compared to E. repens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. arvense is sensitive to deep tillage whilst the effect of shallow cultivations may vary (Brandsaeter et al, 2011a(Brandsaeter et al, , 2011bOlsen, 2011). Brandsaeter et al (2010) and Tørresen et al (2010) inferred that cultivations against perennials with low readiness of buds to sprout in late summer and autumn (e.g. S. arvensis) would have limited effect since innate bud dormancy makes exhaustion of the carbohydrate reserves in the roots impossible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct control of perennial weeds between crops – Implications for organic farming

Melander¹,

Holst²,

Rasmussen³

et al. 2012

Crop Protection

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a b s t r a c tPerennial weeds can be a major constraint to organic crop production and direct control actions applied between crops can then be necessary to reduce the problems. We conducted two experiments, one on a sandy loam and one on a sandy soil in Denmark, with the aim of studying the efficacy of different implement types and strategies. The treatments were employed against mixed stands of perennials after harvest of spring barley in two consecutive years. Time of treatment, cultivation depth and combinations of implements constituted the strategies. Treatment effects were evaluated in the growing season that followed the post-harvest treatments. In the one experiment, repeated tine cultivation caused an 80 e90% annual reduction of the population of mainly Cirsium arvense. With treatments conducted in two consecutive years, the accumulated effects reached 99% control. In the second experiment, power take-off driven implements with rotating weeding devices demonstrated similar control efficacies against a mixed stand composing C. arvense, Tussilago farfara, Elytrigia repens and Artemisia vulgaris. One pass was conducted a week after barley harvest followed by another pass 3 weeks later and ending the strategy with mouldboard ploughing in the succeeding spring. Grain yields did not differ among the treatments in the two experiments as a result of the generally high effectiveness exerted by the control strategies. Especially post-harvest control strategies based on rotating weed devices and mouldboard ploughing appear to be effective solutions against mixed stands of perennials on sandy soils but they do not comply with optimal nutrient management in organic cropping. Therefore, intensive autumn cultivation is only relevant where a perennial weed problem is uncontrollable by other means.

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“…Contradictory findings on the success of E. repens in organic cropping over time have been reported by Becker and Hurle (1998), who demonstrated decreased frequency of E. repens, whereas Riesinger and Hyvönen (2006b) found increased abundances as a function of the duration of organic farming. In general, E. repens is probably going to benefit from climate change, which could extend its period of autumn growth (Tørresen et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of weed flora in spring cereals in Finland - a fourth survey

Salonen¹,

Hyvönen²,

Jalli³

2008

AFSci

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The weed flora in conventionally and organically grown spring cereals was investigated in southern and central Finland during [2007][2008][2009]. The survey was conducted in 16 regions, 283 farms and 595 fields (72 organically cropped and 523 conventionally cropped fields, of which 503 were treated with herbicides). The occurrence of weeds was assessed in late July-early August. Altogether 148 weed species were identified, of which 128 were broad-leaved and 20 grass species. In organically cropped fields, the average species number per field was 21 and the most frequent species were Chenopodium album 96%, Stellaria media 94%, Viola arvensis 94% and Elymus repens 89%. In conventionally cropped fields, the average species number was 12 and the most frequent weed species were Viola arvensis 83%, Stellaria media 65%, Galeopsis spp. 59% and Galium spurium 59%. The average density of weeds was 160 m -2 (median = 112) in sprayed conventional fields and 519 m -2 (468) in organic fields. The average air-dry biomass of weeds was 167 kg ha -1 (median = 82) and 775 kg ha -1 (563), respectively. Elymus repens, the most frequent and abundant grass species, produced the highest proportion (about 30%) of the total weed biomass in both cropping systems. The frequency of Galium spurium in conventional cropping and Fumaria officinalis in organic cropping had increased substantially since the previous survey in 1997-1999. The average size of the weed seedbank in the 5 cm surface layer was about 1 700 seeds m -2 , the most predominant seeds being of C. album. Although the weed flora in Finnish spring cereal fields consists of numerous species, only a fraction of them severely threaten crop production in terms of their frequency and abundance. Weeds in conventional cropping were effectively controlled with available herbicides whereas weed management in organic cropping calls for urgent measures such as direct mechanical weed control in crop stands, which was not practised at all in survey fields.

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Autumn growth of Elytrigia repens, Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis at high latitudes in an outdoor pot experiment

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Incompatibility between fertility building measures and the management of perennial weeds in organic cropping systems

Direct control of perennial weeds between crops – Implications for organic farming

Composition of weed flora in spring cereals in Finland - a fourth survey

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