Availability of saliva for the assessment of alterations in the autonomic nervous system caused by physical exercise training

Yoshino, Yoko; Yamane, Akira; Suzuki, Masashige; Nakagawa, Yoichi

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.07.012

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Later, the excess of Cl and Na are removed in striated ducts, whereas K, Ca, and P are secreted by active transport 3 . As described earlier, the increased training load and stress were highlighted by increased sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal 20,21,25 , which might be accounted for reduced salivary flow rate and lower levels of Cl and K in saliva during the intense training period. Other authors described low levels of salivary K found in young female fencers and field hockey athletes in relation to control subjects 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The autonomic nervous system can modulate the ions and proteins secretion stimulating water ion transport from the blood through the acinar gland, or by stimulated active transport through the secretory cells 17,20 . Considering that exercise can modulate the saliva secretion rate by the autonomic nervous system 21,22 , some alterations in electrolyte composition were expected. Moreover, some electrolytes may be transported by water flow into saliva, and consequently, resemble serum concentration, and others may be actively secreted by stimulation of the autonomic nervous system 17,20 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the P concentration in saliva is much higher than serum concentration and can be modulated by the active transport in salivary striated ducts 17,22,24 . Under high training loads and stress, sympathetic activity is increased and can reduce the electrolytic transport and water content in saliva 21,25,26 . It may contribute to reduced flow rate and ionsn concentration after the intensive training period (4 weeks).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Salivary Concentration of Chemical Elements in Response to Training Loads in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

et al. 2021

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The saliva analysis by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) for monitoring training loads could be useful due to the ease of sample analysis and a large range of chemical elements can be detected. Twelve BJJ athletes were submitted to 7 weeks of training scheduled with high training loads (weeks 1 to 4) and tapering (weeks 5 to 7). Saliva samples were collected before (Pre), at week 4, and at week 8 (Post), to quantify chemical element concentrations by TXRF. The internal training load was monitored using the session rating of perceived exertion of session (RPE) method for physical and technical-tactical training sessions. All the saliva samples presented Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Bromine (Br), and Rubidium (Rb) at Pre, 4 weeks and Post time points. Salivary concentrations of Cl, K, Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Br, and Rb significantly decreased in 4 weeks (p<0.05); and K, Cu, and Rb concentration remained at low levels at Post (p<0.05). Medium to large Cohen´s effect sizes for decrements in element concentrations from Pre to 4 weeks was observed for all the elements except Zn. Reduced S concentration at 4 weeks was negatively correlated to high training load period (r=-0.56, p=0.05). The results suggest that BJJ training modulates salivary electrolyte composition and salivary P, S and Rb are correlated with training loads in BJJ athletes.Keywords: Ions. Martial Arts. Exercise. Biomarkers. Saliva.ResumoA análise de saliva por meio de Fluorescência de Raios-X de Reflexão Total (TXRF) para monitorar cargas de treinamento pode ser útil devido à facilidade de análise da amostra e a ampla variedade de elementos químicos detectados. Doze atletas de BJJ foram submetidos a 7 semanas de treinamento programado com altas cargas de treinamento (semanas 1 a 4) e polimento (semanas 5 a 7). Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes (Pré), na semana 4 (Meio) e na semana 8 (Pós), para quantificar as concentrações dos elementos químicos por TXRF. A carga interna de treinamento foi monitorada por meio do método de percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE) nas sessões de treinamento físico e técnico-tático. Todas as amostras de saliva apresentaram Fósforo (P), Enxofre (S), Cloro (Cl), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Zinco (Zn), Bromo (Br) e Rubídio (Rb) no momento Pré, 4 semanas e Pós. As concentrações salivares de Cl, K, Manganês (Mn), Cobre (Cu), Br e Rb diminuíram significativamente em 4 semanas (p <0,05); e a concentração de K, Cu e Rb permaneceram em níveis baixos no Pós (p <0,05). Os tamanhos de efeito de Cohen médio a grande para decréscimos nas concentrações de elementos, de Pré a 4 semanas, foram observados para todos os elementos, exceto para Zn. A redução da concentração de S em 4 semanas foi negativamente correlacionada com o período de alta carga de treinamento (r = -0,56, p = 0,05). Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento de BJJ modula a composição eletrolítica salivar e o P, S e Rb salivares estão correlacionados com as cargas de treinamento no BJJ.Palavras-chave: Íons. Artes Marciais. Exercício. Biomarcadores. Saliva.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Salivary Concentration of Chemical Elements in Response to Training Loads in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

et al. 2021

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“…The superoxide dismutases (SOD) are antioxidative enzymes that act as a first defense against oxidative stress [18]. Long-term physical exercise under dietary control is speculated to induce physical and/or mental stress, and therefore causes chronic stimulation of the sympathetic receptors [4]. Salivary oxidants might be increased by chronic and excessive β-adrenoceptor stimulation as a result of the imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants, namely the accumulation of ROS and the anti-ROS SOD activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The athletes may therefore be inferred to be under physical and mental stress. A previous experimental study demonstrated that physical exercise in mice under dietary control induced alterations in saliva secretion, while exercise training alone did not affect the saliva contents [4]. The total protein secretion and kallikrein activity decreased by 20–30% in the physical exercise under dietary-controlled mice between 4 and 12 weeks after the start of the experiments in comparison to the control mice, thus suggesting that signal transduction in the sympathetic nervous system was downregulated, since kallikrein is secreted in response to alpha 1 -adrenergic receptor stimulation [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary 8-OHdG Induction by Physical Exercise Training Under Food Restriction

Yoshino

Nakagawa²

2011

TODENTJ

Self Cite

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Objective:We previously reported that physical exercise under food restriction induced alterations in saliva secretion, including a decrease in salivary kallikrein activity, while exercise training alone did not affect the overall saliva content. The objective of the present study was to examine the involvement of oxidative stress in alterations of salivary secretion due to physical exercise under food restriction.Methods:Male ICR mice at 32 weeks of age weighing from 39 to 50 g were divided into three groups: an exercise group with food restriction (EXP), an exercise group without food restriction (EXA) and a control group (CTL). The EXP group was fed the same amount of diet as the CTL group (pair-feeding). The EXP and EXA groups had access to a “voluntary running wheel” for exercise. The pilocarpine-stimulated whole saliva was collected from the oral cavity by micro-pipette over 15 min for 12 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. The salivary and serum 8-Hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined.Results:The salivary 8-OHdG levels in the EXP group were significantly higher than in the CTL and EXA groups (p<0.01).Conclusion:The alterations of salivary secretion in mice undergoing chronic exercise training under a food-restricted diet may occur as a result of oxidative stress.

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Endoplasmic reticulum stress affects mouse salivary protein secretion induced by chronic administration of an α1-adrenergic agonist

Yoshino

Imamura

Yamachika

et al. 2022

Histochem Cell Biol

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Availability of saliva for the assessment of alterations in the autonomic nervous system caused by physical exercise training

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

The Salivary Concentration of Chemical Elements in Response to Training Loads in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

The Salivary Concentration of Chemical Elements in Response to Training Loads in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

Salivary 8-OHdG Induction by Physical Exercise Training Under Food Restriction

Endoplasmic reticulum stress affects mouse salivary protein secretion induced by chronic administration of an α1-adrenergic agonist

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