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Padoin, S, Zeffa, AC, Molina Corrêa, JC, de Angelis, TR, Moreira, TB, Barazetti, LK, and de Paula Ramos, S. Phototherapy improves muscle recovery and does not impair repeated bout effect in plyometric exercise. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3301–3310, 2022—The effects of photobiomodulation with red (630 nm) and near-infrared (940 nm) light wavelengths were investigated on the inhibition of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and adaptation to the repeated bout effect (RBE). Twenty-eight healthy men were randomized to receive light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) at 630 nm (4.6 J·cm−2, 97 J energy), LEDT at 940 nm (4.6 J·cm−2, 114 J), or placebo. After LEDT or placebo treatment, subjects performed 100 drop-jumps (5 sets of 20 repetitions). Creatine kinase, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), countermovement jump (CMJ), and squat jump (SJ) were assessed before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 hours after the bout. After 14 days, the subjects were submitted to the same plyometric exercise, without LEDT, and were evaluated again. Creatine kinase levels increased significantly 72 hours after the first bout in the placebo group in relation to the LEDT 940-nm group (P < 0.01). The LEDT 630-nm group showed a significant increase in SJ at 24 hours (P < 0.05), whereas, at 48 hours, the LEDT 940 nm showed a significant increase compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). The 2-way analysis of variance revealed an effect for treatment in the SJ (F = 7.12; P = 0.001). No differences were found between groups for DOMS and CMJ after the first bout. After the second bout of exercise, there was no effect of treatment. The results suggest that treatment with LEDT 630 nm and LEDT 940 nm before eccentric exercise attenuates EIMD without impairing RBE.

Context Escitalopram (ESC) use during pregnancy has not been associated with teratogenic effects in fetuses. Aims To investigate whether ESC administered during pregnancy in mice induces maternal toxicity and teratogenicity in offspring. Methods Treated mice groups G1 and control G0 (n = 15 per group). Administration of ESC (G1) and saline solution (G0) during pregnancy and euthanasia on the 18th day. Pregnant female mice were treated with ESC (20 mg/kg, via gavage) or saline solution (control group) from the 5th to the 17th day of gestation, when implantation was consolidated. During intraembryonic development until the day before delivery, the drug had an influence on the development of alterations from its maintenance in the uterine environment and its development to the disturbance causing skeletal or visceral malformations. Key results The intrauterine development parameters that were altered by ESC treatment were: number of resorptions (G0: [0.93 ± 0.24]); G1: [3.33 ± 0.51]), post-implantation loss (G0: [3.95 ± 1.34], G1: [13.75 ± 3.62]) and reduced fetal viability: [97.30 ± 1.00]; G1: [81.09 ± 6.22]). Regarding fetal formation, the treated group had visceral malformations with a significant frequency: cleft palate (G0: [1.0%], G1: [11.86%]) and reduced kidneys (G0: [0%]; G1: [10.17%]). Regarding skeletal malformations, a higher frequency was observed in the following parameters: incomplete supraoccipital ossification (G0: [0%], G1: [15.25]), absence of ribs (G0: [0%], G1 (G0: [0%], G1 [15.25%]) and absence of one or more of the foot phalanges (G0: [1.0%]; 64%]). Conclusion Results indicate that ESC is an embryotoxic and teratogenic drug. Implications Until further studies are performed, greater caution is necessary in prescribing the drug to pregnant women.

The saliva analysis by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) for monitoring training loads could be useful due to the ease of sample analysis and a large range of chemical elements can be detected. Twelve BJJ athletes were submitted to 7 weeks of training scheduled with high training loads (weeks 1 to 4) and tapering (weeks 5 to 7). Saliva samples were collected before (Pre), at week 4, and at week 8 (Post), to quantify chemical element concentrations by TXRF. The internal training load was monitored using the session rating of perceived exertion of session (RPE) method for physical and technical-tactical training sessions. All the saliva samples presented Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Bromine (Br), and Rubidium (Rb) at Pre, 4 weeks and Post time points. Salivary concentrations of Cl, K, Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Br, and Rb significantly decreased in 4 weeks (p<0.05); and K, Cu, and Rb concentration remained at low levels at Post (p<0.05). Medium to large Cohen´s effect sizes for decrements in element concentrations from Pre to 4 weeks was observed for all the elements except Zn. Reduced S concentration at 4 weeks was negatively correlated to high training load period (r=-0.56, p=0.05). The results suggest that BJJ training modulates salivary electrolyte composition and salivary P, S and Rb are correlated with training loads in BJJ athletes.Keywords: Ions. Martial Arts. Exercise. Biomarkers. Saliva.ResumoA análise de saliva por meio de Fluorescência de Raios-X de Reflexão Total (TXRF) para monitorar cargas de treinamento pode ser útil devido à facilidade de análise da amostra e a ampla variedade de elementos químicos detectados. Doze atletas de BJJ foram submetidos a 7 semanas de treinamento programado com altas cargas de treinamento (semanas 1 a 4) e polimento (semanas 5 a 7). Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes (Pré), na semana 4 (Meio) e na semana 8 (Pós), para quantificar as concentrações dos elementos químicos por TXRF. A carga interna de treinamento foi monitorada por meio do método de percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE) nas sessões de treinamento físico e técnico-tático. Todas as amostras de saliva apresentaram Fósforo (P), Enxofre (S), Cloro (Cl), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Zinco (Zn), Bromo (Br) e Rubídio (Rb) no momento Pré, 4 semanas e Pós. As concentrações salivares de Cl, K, Manganês (Mn), Cobre (Cu), Br e Rb diminuíram significativamente em 4 semanas (p <0,05); e a concentração de K, Cu e Rb permaneceram em níveis baixos no Pós (p <0,05). Os tamanhos de efeito de Cohen médio a grande para decréscimos nas concentrações de elementos, de Pré a 4 semanas, foram observados para todos os elementos, exceto para Zn. A redução da concentração de S em 4 semanas foi negativamente correlacionada com o período de alta carga de treinamento (r = -0,56, p = 0,05). Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento de BJJ modula a composição eletrolítica salivar e o P, S e Rb salivares estão correlacionados com as cargas de treinamento no BJJ.Palavras-chave: Íons. Artes Marciais. Exercício. Biomarcadores. Saliva.