Effects of Futsal Demands on Serum and Salivary Levels of Trace Elements and Minerals Detected by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

Padoin, Susana; Freitas, Víctor Hugo de; Cleto, Daniele Aparecida Maia; Zeffa, Aline Campos; Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo; Andrello, Avacir Casanova; Ramos, Solange de Paula

doi:10.1007/s12011-019-01697-4

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The popularity of the sport has fostered research in different domains: physical (Barbero-Alvarez et al, 2008 , 2015 ; Alvarez et al, 2009 ; Castagna et al, 2009 ; Milanez et al, 2011 ; De Oliveira Bueno et al, 2014 ; Naser et al, 2017 ; Ayarra et al, 2018 ; Yiannaki et al, 2020 ), physiological (Barbero-Alvarez et al, 2008 ; Oliveira et al, 2013 ; Arruda et al, 2015 ; Wilke et al, 2016 ; Padoin et al, 2020 ), and control of the training load (Miloski et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Beato et al, 2017 ; Clemente et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Behavior of Biomotor Skills in Futsal Athletes During a Season

Oliveira¹,

Borin

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Futsal is a sport that presents alternation of high- and low-intensity moments, which lacks investigations regarding the effects of the organization of the training load on biomotor skills. In this sense, this study aims to verify the monitoring of the training load throughout the season and the behavior of biomotor skills in futsal athletes. Twelve futsal athletes (24.5 ± 4.9 years, 1.79 ± 0.6 m, 72.4 ± 9.4 kg, and 9.4 ± 4.3% fat) from the adult category, who competed in the first division of the Paulista championship, participated in the study. Throughout the season, the internal training load (ITL) was calculated, through the relationship between volume (minutes) and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), monotony, and training strain. The training periods were divided into preparatory, competitive, and competitive II for a total of four moments of evaluation: M1: at the beginning of the preparatory period; M2: 50 week, at the end of the preparatory period; M3: 13th week, in the middle of the competitive period; and M4: at the start of the competitive period II. The tests used were: (i) Power of lower limbs: countermovement jump (CMJ); (ii) Displacement speed, over the 10-meter distance (V10 m), and (iii) Aerobic power by the Carminatti test (T-CAR). The variables analyzed were compared at different moments of evaluation using the two-way ANOVA completed by the Bonferroni test. For monotony, training strain, and ILT, the ANOVA ONE-WAY test was used between the evaluation periods completed by the Bonferroni test. The significance value adopted was p < 0.05. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in the power of lower limbs from M1 (37.5 ± 5.5 cm) to M3 (40.8 ± 5.7 cm), from M2 (38.9 ± 5.5 cm) to M3 (40.8 ± 5.7 cm), and from M1 (37.5 ± 5.5 cm) to M4 (40.2 ± 5.4 cm). Aerobic power showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) from M1 (12.1 ± 0.7 km/h) to M3 (12.7 ± 7 km/h) and from M1 (12.1 ± 0.7 km/h) to M4 (12.73 ± 1.04 km/h). The ITL showed a difference between competitive I and II in relation to the preparatory period (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the proposed training organization was sufficient to improve the power of the lower limbs and the aerobic power.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Behavior of Biomotor Skills in Futsal Athletes During a Season

Oliveira¹,

Borin

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…However, there is still no information related to chemical elements analysis involving BJJ athletes during a preparatory training period. Moreover, chemical elements of interest reported previously can be detected and modulated by exercise in saliva 12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Athletes at rest and under high physical efforts differently modulate the circulating, urinary, and salivary concentrations of several chemical elements [1][2][3][4][5] . This fluctuation in body fluid chemical content may be related to physical and metabolic demands (aerobic x anaerobic adaptations), oxidative stress, inflammatory status, nutritional strategies, and muscle damage 1,2,6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fluctuation in body fluid chemical content may be related to physical and metabolic demands (aerobic x anaerobic adaptations), oxidative stress, inflammatory status, nutritional strategies, and muscle damage 1,2,6,7 . The trace elements and macroelements in the blood, urine, and tissues are altered by both acute physical exercise and training 2,5,6,8 . Thus, monitoring chemical element concentrations in biological fluids may be useful to monitor metabolic profile, physical recovery, and the risk of underperformance in athletes 2,6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Salivary Concentration of Chemical Elements in Response to Training Loads in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

et al. 2021

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The saliva analysis by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) for monitoring training loads could be useful due to the ease of sample analysis and a large range of chemical elements can be detected. Twelve BJJ athletes were submitted to 7 weeks of training scheduled with high training loads (weeks 1 to 4) and tapering (weeks 5 to 7). Saliva samples were collected before (Pre), at week 4, and at week 8 (Post), to quantify chemical element concentrations by TXRF. The internal training load was monitored using the session rating of perceived exertion of session (RPE) method for physical and technical-tactical training sessions. All the saliva samples presented Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Bromine (Br), and Rubidium (Rb) at Pre, 4 weeks and Post time points. Salivary concentrations of Cl, K, Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Br, and Rb significantly decreased in 4 weeks (p<0.05); and K, Cu, and Rb concentration remained at low levels at Post (p<0.05). Medium to large Cohen´s effect sizes for decrements in element concentrations from Pre to 4 weeks was observed for all the elements except Zn. Reduced S concentration at 4 weeks was negatively correlated to high training load period (r=-0.56, p=0.05). The results suggest that BJJ training modulates salivary electrolyte composition and salivary P, S and Rb are correlated with training loads in BJJ athletes.Keywords: Ions. Martial Arts. Exercise. Biomarkers. Saliva.ResumoA análise de saliva por meio de Fluorescência de Raios-X de Reflexão Total (TXRF) para monitorar cargas de treinamento pode ser útil devido à facilidade de análise da amostra e a ampla variedade de elementos químicos detectados. Doze atletas de BJJ foram submetidos a 7 semanas de treinamento programado com altas cargas de treinamento (semanas 1 a 4) e polimento (semanas 5 a 7). Amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes (Pré), na semana 4 (Meio) e na semana 8 (Pós), para quantificar as concentrações dos elementos químicos por TXRF. A carga interna de treinamento foi monitorada por meio do método de percepção subjetiva de esforço da sessão (PSE) nas sessões de treinamento físico e técnico-tático. Todas as amostras de saliva apresentaram Fósforo (P), Enxofre (S), Cloro (Cl), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Zinco (Zn), Bromo (Br) e Rubídio (Rb) no momento Pré, 4 semanas e Pós. As concentrações salivares de Cl, K, Manganês (Mn), Cobre (Cu), Br e Rb diminuíram significativamente em 4 semanas (p <0,05); e a concentração de K, Cu e Rb permaneceram em níveis baixos no Pós (p <0,05). Os tamanhos de efeito de Cohen médio a grande para decréscimos nas concentrações de elementos, de Pré a 4 semanas, foram observados para todos os elementos, exceto para Zn. A redução da concentração de S em 4 semanas foi negativamente correlacionada com o período de alta carga de treinamento (r = -0,56, p = 0,05). Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento de BJJ modula a composição eletrolítica salivar e o P, S e Rb salivares estão correlacionados com as cargas de treinamento no BJJ.Palavras-chave: Íons. Artes Marciais. Exercício. Biomarcadores. Saliva.

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“…Since the IgA antibody has a relationship with training load, stress symptoms, and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections [ 6 , 7 , 13 ], sIgA has become an important marker to extract information about training load and soccer players immune responses. In this regard, it showed acute episodes of moderate exercise have little impact on mucosal immunity, but, prolonged exercise and intense training could cause a decrease in sIgA [ 6 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The mechanisms underlying alterations in mucosal immunity with acute and chronic exercise are likely to be largely related to altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (i.e., activation of the sympathetic nervous system), with inhibitory effects on IgA synthesis and IgA transcytosis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare

et al. 2021

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Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the main effector against upper respiratory tract viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been related to training load management. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the relationship between training load and salivary IgA based on current evidence in order to avoid immunosuppression after exercise and players´ vulnerability to virus contagion. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) until 19 May 2021. From a total of 127 studies initially found, 23 were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies were clustered depending on stress level. The salivary IgA was analysed considering soccer-specific treadmill exercise and repeated sprint drills (n = 5), matches (n = 7), and during certain periods during the season or pre-season (n = 11). Repeated sprint ability tests and treadmill exercises are suitable exercises for the first steps on return to play periods yet still maintain social distance. A rest or moderate training sessions (technical/tactical) are suggested after official matches to ensure 16–18 h to recover IgA levels, while periods with multiple matches per week with limited recovery time should be avoided. Weekly training load should assume a small increment (<10%) to ensure IgA immune responses, especially, during the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) season.

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Effects of Futsal Demands on Serum and Salivary Levels of Trace Elements and Minerals Detected by Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Monitoring and Behavior of Biomotor Skills in Futsal Athletes During a Season

Monitoring and Behavior of Biomotor Skills in Futsal Athletes During a Season

The Salivary Concentration of Chemical Elements in Response to Training Loads in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes

Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare

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