Avian parvovirus: classification, phylogeny, pathogenesis and diagnosis

Abstract

Poultry parvoviruses identified during the early 1980s are found worldwide in intestines from young birds with enteric disease syndromes as well as healthy birds. The chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and turkey parvovirus (TuPV) belong to the Aveparvovirus genus within the subfamily Parvovirinae. Poultry parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses consisting of three open reading frames, the first two encoding the non-structural protein (NS) and nuclear phosphoprotein (NP) and the third encoding the viral capsid proteins 1 (VP1 and VP2). In contrast to other parvoviruses, the VP1-unique region does not contain the phospholipase A2 sequence motif. Recent experimental studies suggested the parvoviruses to be the candidate pathogens in cases of enteric disease syndrome. Current diagnostic methods for poultry parvovirus detection include PCR, real-time PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant VP2 or VP1 capsid proteins. Moreover, sequenceindependent amplification techniques combined with next-generation sequencing platforms have allowed rapid and simultaneous detection of the parvovirus from affected and healthy birds. There is no commercial vaccine; hence, the development of an effective vaccine to control the spread of infection should be of primary importance. This review presents the current knowledge on poultry parvoviruses with emphasis on taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship, genomic analysis, epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnostic methods. ARTICLE HISTORY

Detection of Novel Goose Parvovirus Disease Associated with Short Beak and Dwarfism Syndrome in Commercial Ducks

“…Although the observed mortalities for affected farms were not so high, the production performance of ducks that survived the infection was significantly reduced due to growth retardation [ 31 ]. Certain characteristics which justified the difference between NGPV and classical GPV were lower mortalities, resistance of mule and pekin ducks to GPV and the absence of pathological lesions in brain and kidneys in NGPV [ 32 ].…”

Whole Genome Characterization and Genetic Evolution Analysis of a New Ostrich Parvovirus

“…Parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped, linear single-stranded DNA viruses [1]. Parvoviruses may have appeared millions of years ago, infecting invertebrates and vertebrates [2]. All parvoviruses that infect vertebrates belong to the parvovirinae subfamily [3].…”

“…All parvoviruses that infect vertebrates belong to the parvovirinae subfamily [3]. Parvoviruses are widespread in birds; parvoviruses that cause harm to the health of avians mainly include goose parvovirus (GPV), Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), and chicken and turkey parvoviruses [2]. Recent studies have shown that the diversity of known parvovirus species has greatly expanded and the host range of parvovirus may include the entire animal kingdom [4].…”

Nanobody‑horseradish peroxidase and -EGFP fusions as reagents to detect porcine parvovirus in the immunoassays

“…PPV is a non-encapsulated autonomously replicating virus that belongs to the family Parvovirdae, subfamily Parvovirina, and genus Parvovirus [18]. The same genus also includes parvoviruses of cattle, cats, dogs, geese, mice, rats, tigers, rabbits, minks, chickens and raccoons [19][20][21][22][23][24]. The PPV genome is a single and negative-stranded DNA with a full length of about 5000 bp, which contains two open reading frames (ORFs) and covers the entire genome [23,25].…”