Avulsion of the brachial plexus—2. Clinical aspects

Griffiths, I. R.; Duncan, Ian D.; Lawson, D. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1974.tb05675.x

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Myelography is of value in cases of plexal root avulsion in man (Tarlov, 1954;Taylor, 1962). However, the technique has not proved useful in dogs either in our experience or that of others Griffiths, 1985). Myelography will only be of value in neoplastic disease if there is involvement of structures within the spinal canal (Wright et al, 1979;Wright & Clayton Jones, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The diagnosis of brachial plexus disorders in dogs: a review of twenty‐two cases

Wheeler¹,

Jones²,

Wright

1986

J of Small Animal Practice

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Conditions affecting the brachial plexus in dogs are described. The clinical details of 22 cases are reviewed, of which 16 were traumatic lesions and six were tumours. The salient features of the neurological examination which provide the diagnosis and the signs which reveal the extent and nature of the lesion are described. The role of other ancillary diagnostic aids including electromyography, radiography and myelography are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The diagnosis of brachial plexus disorders in dogs: a review of twenty‐two cases

Wheeler¹,

Jones²,

Wright

1986

J of Small Animal Practice

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“…Horner's syndrome (miosis, ptosis, enophthalmos and third eyelid protrusion), in conjunction with other cervicothoracic signs, provides an accurate segmental localization. Horner's syndrome is a reflection of disease in the sympathetic general visceral efferent lower motor neuron (LMN) innervation of the eye or in the descending upper motor neuron (UMN) lateral tectotegmentospinal tracts that control the sympathetic preganglionic outflow (deLahunta, 1977;de Lahunta & Alexander, 1976;Griffiths, Duncan & Lawson, 1974). Spinal lesions in the cervicothoracic area, especially involving TI-3 seg-ments containing the sympathetic neurones in the intermediolateral grey matter, may produce Horner's syndrome.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of twenty‐nine spinal tumours in the dog and cat

Luttgen¹,

Braund²,

Brawner

et al. 1980

J of Small Animal Practice

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In a retrospective study of twenty-nine spinal tumours in dogs and cats approximately equal numbers of extradural and intradural tumours were found. The most prominent tumour type was the group of primary tumours of bone which included osteosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, hemangiosarcomas and multiple cartilagenous exostoses. Primary sarcomas of the spinal cord were the next most prominent type of tumour identified. A close clinicopathological correlation was found for tumour localization; however, intradural and extradural tumours could not be differentiated clinically. In comparison with extramedullary tumours which were evenly divided between acute and insidious onset, the majority of animals with intramedullary tumours had acute onset of neurological signs. In general, the intramedullary tumours had the shortest duration of clinical signs (1.7 weeks) whereas the extradural tumours had a mean duration of 3-4 weeks and intradural-extramedullary tumours had the longest mean duration (5-7 weeks). Contrast radiography was the most useful diagnostic aid. It confirmed the regional localization in twenty-two of twenty-four animals and the topographic localization in nineteen of twenty-four animals.

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“…This is possibly why the nerve roots are often avulsed from the spinal cord intradurally rather than the more peripheral portions of the nerves [1,11] . Caudal and complete avulsions are more common than cranial avulsions and cause more severe clinical signs [12] . They both cause paralysis of the triceps brachii muscle, so the animal cannot extend the elbow or bear weight on the affected limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travmatik Brakial Pleksus Yaralanmalarının Klinik ve Elektrofizyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: 23 Köpek ve 42 Kedide Retrospektiv Bir Çalışma

Beşaltı¹,

Can²,

Çalışkan³

2014

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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Objective of this study is to report mapping of nerve root injury with clinical and electrophysiological examination in cats and dogs following trauma of brachial plexus (TBP). Medical record of 65 patients (23 dogs and 42 cats) with brachial plexus injury without any fracture between July 2009 and January 2014 were reviewed. Needle electromyography, motor nerve conduction and/or sensory nerve conduction and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) of the forelimb were studied. Injured area was examined at necropsy in 3 cases (1 dog, 2 cats), and in 11 cases (4 dogs, 7 cats) during surgery. Assessment of cutaneous zone innervation revealed caudal brachial plexus lesion in 40 cases (29 cat and 11 dogs) and complete brachial plexus lesions in 25 cases (13 cats, 12 dogs). Nociception was also absent at the denervated cutaneous zone in all cases. Complete avulsion of isolated radial nerve roots was diagnosed in 11 cats and 5 dogs, and injury of isolated radial nerve roots was diagnosed in 4 dogs and 11 cats. Rest of the cases had complete avulsion (17 cats, 14 dogs) or injury (3 cats) of radial nerve roots in addition to other nerves' of the brachial plexus. In conclusion, Radial nerve roots prone to TBP, but other nerve roots of brachial plexus can also be affected. Electrophysiological assessment of TBP should be carried out as an ancillary diagnostic tool for determining affected nerves and type of lesion for radial nerve. Keywords: Brachial plexus injury, Trauma, Electrophysiology, Dog, Cat Travmatik Brakial Pleksus Yaralanmalarının Klinik ve Elektrofizyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: 23 Köpek ve 42 Kedide Retrospektiv Bir Çalışma ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı kedi ve köpeklerde brakial pleksus travmasını takiben oluşan sinir kökü hasarının klinik ve elektrofizyolojik muayene ile haritalanmasını bildirmektir. Çalışmada herhangi bir kırığa bağlı olmaksızın gelişen brakial pleksus yaralanması ile Haziran 2009 ve Ocak 2014 arasında kliniğimize başvuran 65 hastanın (23 köpek, 42 kedi) medikal kayıtları incelendi. Elektrofizyolojik olarak iğne elektromyografi, motor sinir iletimi ve/veya sensorik sinir iletimi ve somatosensorik uyandırılmış potansiyeller çalışıldı. Hasarlı bölge üç hastada (1 köpek, 2 kedi) nekropside, 11 hastada ise (4 köpek, 7 kedi) cerrahi girişim sırasında incelendi. Kutanöz innervasyon alanlarının değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 40 olguda (29 kedi, 11 köpek) kaudal ve 26 olguda (14 kedi, 12 köpek) total brakial pleksus yaralanması belirlendi. Ayrıca bütün olgularda denerve kutanöz alanlarda nosisepsiyon yoktu. On bir kedi ve 5 köpekte izole radial sinir köklerinin total avulziyonu belirlendi. Dört köpek ve 11 kedide izole radial sinir kökü hasarı tespit edildi. Geriye kalan vakalarda radial sinir ile birlikte diğer brakial pleksus sinirlerinin total avulziyonu (18 kedi, 14 köpek) ya da hasarı (3 kedi) belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, brachial pleksusu oluşturan sinirlerden radial sinir travmatik olarak en çok yaralanan olsa da diğer sinirlerin de yaralanması söz konusudur. Travmatik brakial pleksus lezyonl...

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Avulsion of the brachial plexus—2. Clinical aspects

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

The diagnosis of brachial plexus disorders in dogs: a review of twenty‐two cases

The diagnosis of brachial plexus disorders in dogs: a review of twenty‐two cases

A retrospective study of twenty‐nine spinal tumours in the dog and cat

Travmatik Brakial Pleksus Yaralanmalarının Klinik ve Elektrofizyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi: 23 Köpek ve 42 Kedide Retrospektiv Bir Çalışma

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