Ayurveda Body–Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “ prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha ( pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

Effects of Yoga on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Without Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…A number of two studies did not specify patients' average age but were also included as an exception because the age range was provided meeting the inclusion criteria. The length of yoga intervention varied from 10 to 24 weeks with the majority of the studies receiving 12 weeks (62%) of intervention (Hegde et al, 2011 , 2020 ; Shantakumari and Sequeira, 2013 ; Datey et al, 2017 ; Sreedevi et al, 2017 ; Ranga et al, 2021 ; Sivapuram et al, 2021 ; Viswanathan et al, 2021 ) and few studies using 24 weeks (two studies: 15%) (Gordon et al, 2008 ; Sharma et al, 2020 ), 16 weeks (two studies: 15%) (Balaji et al, 2020 ; Gupta et al, 2020 ), and 10 weeks (one study: 8%) (Nair et al, 2021 ). Each yoga session lasted for 45–120 min per day, and the frequency was 1–7 days per week.…”

“…Practically, yoga has played a significant role in the treatment and prevention of diabetes. Several experimental studies examining the effectiveness of yoga on T2DM have shown favorable results in blood glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress, blood pressure, anthropometric indicators, and quality of life (Gordon et al, 2008 ; Hegde et al, 2011 , 2020 ; Shantakumari and Sequeira, 2013 ; Datey et al, 2017 ; Balaji et al, 2020 ; Sharma et al, 2020 ; Nair et al, 2021 ; Ranga et al, 2021 ; Sivapuram et al, 2021 ). Additionally, favorable results were also observed in mental health, functional capacity, wellbeing, sleep quality, and body composition among patients with diabetes, as a result of receiving yoga practice (Akhtar et al, 2013 ; Innes and Selfe, 2016 ; Miles et al, 2016 ; Rshikesan et al, 2017 ).…”

The Effect of Yoga on the Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

“…Seven studies were conducted on women ( 2 , 19 , 37 , 49 , 51 – 53 ), six on men ( 6 , 16 , 18 , 22 , 31 , 34 ), and the remaining studies were conducted on both genders ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 12 – 15 , 17 – 21 , 23 , 25 – 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 – 48 , 50 , 54 – 59 ). Included 37 studies had assessed BMI ( 2 , 5 – 7 , 12 , 13 , 15 – 19 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 27 – 31 , 33 , 34 , 36 – 38 , 40 – 43 , 46 – 49 , 52 , 53 , 56 – 58 ), 48 studies had measured TC ( 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 12 – 43 , 45 – 47 , 49 , 52 – 59 ),4 6 studies had determined LDL-C ( 2 , 3 , 6 , 7 , 12 ...…”

“…These outcomes were reported as mean ± SD, also a meta-analysis as reported below was conducted. RCTs were performed on 11 studies with healthy situations ( 2 , 21 , 34 , 39 , 41 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 56 , 58 ), and 19 studies with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 3 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 16 – 20 , 22 – 24 , 27 , 33 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 55 ), 10 studies with MetS ( 5 , 26 , 36 , 42 – 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 ), 5 studies with heart diseases (MI, CAD, CVD) ( 29 – 31 , 33 , 54 ), 4 studies with hypertension ( 14 , 25 , 53 , 57 ), 3 studies with chronic kidney disease (CKD) ( 15 , 28 , 59 ), 1 study with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( 54 ) and 1 with obesity ( 40 ).…”

Influence of Deha-Prakriti (Body Constitution) in the manifestation of disease in context to Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis) - An appraisal

“…Rohit Sharma and Prajapati PK have reported through a cross-sectional survey study that Vata and Kapha predominant DP, Rajasa and Tamasa predominant Manasa Prakriti (MP) are prevalent in the Type 2 diabetes population of Saurashtra region (30). Madhava S S et al reported that type 2 Diabetes majorly consists Pitta, followed by Pitta-Kapha, and Vata-Pitta DP in the study population (31). Similarly, Hetal Amin et al, through their study reported that Type-2 Diabetes mellitus is prevalent in Kapha predominant DP, Tamasa predominant MP (32).…”