AzTEC half square degree survey of the SHADES fields â I. Maps, catalogues and source counts

Austermann, J. E.; Dunlop, James; Perera, Thushara; Scott, K. S.; Wilson, Grant; Aretxaga, I.; Hughes, D. H.; Almaini, O.; Chapin, Edward L.; Chapman, Stephen; Cirasuolo, M.; Clements, D. L.; Coppin, K. E. K.; Dunne, L.; Dye, S.; Eales, Stephen Anthony; Egami, E.; Farrah, D.; Ferrusca, D.; Flynn, Stephen; Haig, D.; Halpern, M.; Ibar, E.; Ivison, R. J.; Kampen, E. van; Kang, Yun Hee; Kim, S.; Lacey, Cedric G.; Lowenthal, James D.; Mauskopf, Philip Daniel; McLure, R. J.; Mortier, A. M. J.; Negrello, M.; Oliver, Seb; Peacock, J. A.; Pope, Alexandra; Rawlings, Steve; Rieke, G. H.; Roseboom, I. G.; Rowan‐Robinson, M.; Scott, Douglas; Serjeant, S.; Smail, Ian; Swinbank, A. M.; Stevens, J. A.; Velázquez, Miguel; Wagg, Jeff; Yun, Min S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15620.x

Cited by 111 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…Field-to-field variations in the derived overall properties of SMGs, such as number counts, redshift distributions or clustering, had already been reported in these kinds of smaller ( 0.25 deg 2 ) fields and attributed both to variance due to the intrinsically small volume sampled by the surveys (e.g. Coppin et al 2006;Aretxaga et al 2007;Weiβ et al 2009;Austermann et al 2010) and to the chance amplification by a foreground population of galaxies (Almaini et al 2005;Austermann et al 2009). Indeed, the environments traced by optical-IR galaxies in the COSMOS subfields were quite different: while the AzTEC survey focused on an area with an overdensity of optical-IR galaxies, COSBO sampled lower galaxy-density environments (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure

Aretxaga

Wilson

Aguilar

et al. 2011

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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150

209

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We present a 0.72 deg2 contiguous 1.1‐mm survey in the central area of the Cosmological Evolution Survey field carried out to a 1σ≈ 1.26 mJy beam−1 depth with the AzTEC camera mounted on the 10‐m Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment. We have uncovered 189 candidate sources at a signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) ≥ 3.5, out of which 129, with S/N ≥ 4, can be considered to have little chance of being spurious (≲2 per cent). We present the number counts derived with this survey, which show a significant excess of sources when compared to the number counts derived from the ∼0.5 deg2 area sampled at similar depths in the Submillimetre Common‐User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES). They are, however, consistent with those derived from fields that were considered too small to characterize the overall blank‐field population. We identify differences to be more significant in the S1.1mm≳ 5 mJy regime, and demonstrate that these excesses in number counts are related to the areas where galaxies at redshifts z≲ 1.1 are more densely clustered. The positions of optical–infrared galaxies in the redshift interval 0.6 ≲z≲ 0.75 are the ones that show the strongest correlation with the positions of the 1.1‐mm bright population (S1.1mm≳ 5 mJy), a result which does not depend exclusively on the presence of rich clusters within the survey sampled area. The most likely explanation for the observed excess in number counts at 1.1‐mm is galaxy–galaxy and galaxy–group lensing at moderate amplification levels, which increases in amplitude as one samples larger and larger flux densities. This effect should also be detectable in other high‐redshift populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure

Aretxaga

Wilson

Aguilar

et al. 2011

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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150

209

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“…At the highest luminosities and redshifts, specifically the submillimetre population observed in Chapman et al (2005), we appear to underpredict the abundance of bright systems, but these observations are very uncertain. Austermann et al (2010), for example, find that the millimetre number counts in these surveys are strongly affected by cosmic variance, and may be factors of several larger than the cosmic mean. We discuss this in Section 4, but note for now that these systems contribute relatively little to the global SFR density at these redshifts.…”

Section: Basic Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mergers, active galactic nuclei and ‘normal’ galaxies: contributions to the distribution of star formation rates and infrared luminosity functions

Hopkins¹,

Younger²,

Hayward³

et al. 2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

132

127

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We use a novel method to predict the contribution of normal star‐forming galaxies, merger‐induced bursts and obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN), to infrared luminosity functions (LFs) and global star formation rate (SFR) densities. We use empirical halo occupation constraints to populate haloes with galaxies and determine the distribution of normal and merging galaxies. Each system can then be associated with high‐resolution hydrodynamic simulations. We predict the distribution of observed luminosities and SFRs, from different galaxy classes, as a function of redshift from z= 0 to 6. We provide fitting functions for the predicted LFs, quantify the uncertainties, and compare with observations. At all redshifts, ‘normal’ galaxies dominate the LF at moderate luminosities ∼L* (the ‘knee’). Merger‐induced bursts increasingly dominate at L≫L*; at the most extreme luminosities, AGN are important. However, all populations increase in luminosity at higher redshifts, owing to increasing gas fractions. Thus, the ‘transition luminosity’ between normal and merger‐dominated sources increases from the luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG)–ultraluminous infrared galaxy threshold at z∼ 0 to bright Hyper‐LIRG thresholds at z∼ 2. The transition to dominance by obscured AGN evolves similarly, at factor of several higher LIR. At all redshifts, non‐merging systems dominate the total luminosity/SFR density, with merger‐induced bursts constituting ∼5–10 per cent and AGN ∼1–5 per cent. Bursts contribute little to scatter in the SFR–stellar mass relation. In fact, many systems identified as ‘ongoing’ mergers will be forming stars in their ‘normal’ (non‐burst) mode. Counting this as ‘merger‐induced’ star formation leads to a stronger apparent redshift evolution in the contribution of mergers to the SFR density. We quantify how the evolution in LFs depends on evolution in galaxy gas fractions, merger rates, and possible evolution in the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation. We discuss areas where more detailed study, with full radiative transfer treatment of complex three‐dimensional clumpy geometries in mixed AGN–star‐forming systems, is necessary.

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“…Since then, a number of groups have conducted (sub) millimeter surveys of the sky, currently yielding up to hundreds of sources in contiguous areas of the sky (e.g., Barger et al 1998;Hughes et al 1998;Bertoldi et al 2000;Eales et al 2000;Cowie et al 2002;Scott et al 2002;Voss et al 2006;Bertoldi et al 2007;Greve et al 2008;Scott et al 2008;Weiß et al 2009;Austermann et al 2010;Vieira et al 2010;Aretxaga et al 2011;Hatsukade et al 2011;Scott et al 2012;Mocanu et al 2013). These blank-field bolometer (sub) millimeter surveys discovered a population of luminous DSFGs at high redshift that were not accounted for in optical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: CONTINUUM NUMBER COUNTS, RESOLVED 1.2 mm EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND, AND PROPERTIES OF THE FAINTEST DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

Aravena

Decarli

Walter

et al. 2016

ApJ

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We present an analysis of a deep (1σ=13 μJy) cosmological 1.2 mm continuum map based on ASPECS, the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. In the 1 arcmin 2 covered by ASPECS we detect nine sources at s >3.5 significance at 1.2 mm. Our ALMA-selected sample has a median redshift of =  z 1.6 0.4, with only one galaxy detected at z>2 within the survey area. This value is significantly lower than that found in millimeter samples selected at a higher flux density cutoff and similar frequencies. Most galaxies have specific star formation rates (SFRs) similar to that of main-sequence galaxies at the same epoch, and we find median values of stellar mass and SFRs of , respectively. Using the dust emission as a tracer for the interstellar medium (ISM) mass, we derive depletion times that are typically longer than 300 Myr, and we find molecular gas fractions ranging from ∼0.1 to 1.0. As noted by previous studies, these values are lower than those using CO-based ISM estimates by a factor of ∼2. The 1 mm number counts (corrected for fidelity and completeness) are in agreement with previous studies that were typically restricted to brighter sources. With our individual detections only, we recover 55%±4% of the extragalactic background light (EBL) at 1.2 mm measured by the Planck satellite, and we recover 80% ±7% of this EBL if we include the bright end of the number counts and additional detections from stacking. The stacked contribution is dominated by galaxies at -z 1 2, with stellar masses of (1-3)×10 10 M  . For the first time, we are able to characterize the population of galaxies that dominate the EBL at 1.2 mm.

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AzTEC half square degree survey of the SHADES fields â I. Maps, catalogues and source counts

Cited by 111 publications

References 70 publications

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure

Mergers, active galactic nuclei and ‘normal’ galaxies: contributions to the distribution of star formation rates and infrared luminosity functions

THE ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: CONTINUUM NUMBER COUNTS, RESOLVED 1.2 mm EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND, AND PROPERTIES OF THE FAINTEST DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

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AzTEC half square degree survey of the SHADES fields â I. Maps, catalogues and source counts

Cited by 111 publications

References 70 publications

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure

AzTEC millimetre survey of the COSMOS field - III. Source catalogue over 0.72 deg2 and plausible boosting by large-scale structure

Mergers, active galactic nuclei and ‘normal’ galaxies: contributions to the distribution of star formation rates and infrared luminosity functions

THE ALMA SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY IN THE HUBBLE ULTRA DEEP FIELD: CONTINUUM NUMBER COUNTS, RESOLVED 1.2 mm EXTRAGALACTIC BACKGROUND, AND PROPERTIES OF THE FAINTEST DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES

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AzTEC half square degree survey of the SHADES fields â I. Maps, catalogues and source counts