Azurin–Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Conjugates by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis and their Thermosensitive Behavior in Electron‐Transfer Processes

Abstract

Searching for "intelligence": Azurin-PNIPAM conjugates were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis followed by protein reconstitution by using imidazole-conjugated poly(N-isopropylacrylamides). The polymer-bound imidazole acts as a ligand in the active site of the blue copper protein azurin. The bioconjugates showed thermosensitive behavior in electron-transfer processes with reduced cytochrome c.

Protein Design: Toward Functional Metalloenzymes

“…An imidazole terminated poly( N -isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer was introduced at the T1Cu site by replacing His117 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Az (Figure 12). 451 The “smart” polymer PNIPAM switches between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states based on temperature changes; 452–454 hence the incorporation of this polymer directly at the electron transfer center in a native protein should modulate its redox properties as a function of temperature. The temperature at which the polymer turns to its hydrophobic state is called the low critical solution temperature (LCST).…”

Nitroxides: Applications in Synthesis and in Polymer Chemistry

“…More recently, smart azurin-PNIPAM conjugates were successfully prepared by site-directed mutagenesis followed by protein reconstitution by using imidazole-conjugated poly(N-isopropylacrylamides). [291] The imidazole-terminated PNIPAM was obtained by NMP. The polymeric imidazole acts as a ligand in the active site of the blue copper protein azurin.…”

Coordination-responsive selenium-containing polymer micelles for controlled drug release

“…Stimuli-responsive polymers have developed greatly in recent years as a result of their prospective uses in biotechnology and drug delivery systems. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Stimuli-responsive block copolymers are defined as copolymers whose blocks can undergo physical or chemical changes in response to external stimuli. Generally, slight changes in the structures of block copolymers can disrupt the aggregates, resulting in the release of an incorporated species, which has great potential in the fields of controlled drug transport and gene delivery.…”