B-Mode Ultrasound Evaluation of Dolphin Skin

Cartee, Robert E.; Gray, B.W.; John, Jennifer; Ridgway, Sam H.

doi:10.1177/875647939501100205

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several recent articles (e.g. [12,[16][17][18][19][20]) have however presented more authoritative, detailed measurements and analyses. These are now being used for Finite-Element investigations using ANSYS, and looking at the entire structure of the dolphin's jaw.…”

Section: Discussion -Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The construction of an accurate 3-D model of a dolphin's jaw is made possible by recent advances in measurements of the acoustically-related properties of its constituents (e.g. [12,[16][17][18][19][20]) and in understanding sound production in dolphins and whales [16]. Section 2 showed the importance of the exact position of each tooth, and of its diameter variations (e.g.…”

Section: -D Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis (blubber). The thickness of epidermis and dermis of six different areas was measured by [17]. The lowest measurement of the epidermis/dermis at the back of the dolphin was 0.17 cm, whereas the lowest thickness of the hypodermis was 1.54 cm.…”

Section: -D Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation into the possible role of dolphins' teeth in sound reception

Graf

Megill

Blondel

et al. 2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Odontocetes use active sonars for echolocation, navigation and socialisation. These sonars are characterised by narrow transmission and reception directivity patterns, over a variety of ranges. There is physiological and behavioural evidence to suggest that dolphins hear the echoes of their high-frequency clicks through their lower jaws. Current theory suggests that sound is transmitted through a thin region at the base of the jaw into a waveguide leading to the ear. The angular precision predicted by this theory is however much less than dolphins have been observed behaviourally to be able to do. A novel hypothesis is that the teeth of the dolphin's lower jaw act as an end-fire sonar array. This paper will start by putting these competing hypotheses into their context, presenting bioacoustics in the ocean, dolphin echolocation physiology and acoustic behaviour, and the mechanical properties of bones and teeth. This information is used to model the reception of different sounds by bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) with each possible mechanism, investigating the variations with nerve delay, the role of the jaw relative to the teeth, and the resulting changes in frequency sensitivity and directivity. The results can then be compared with observations of behavioural patterns.

show abstract

Section: Discussion -Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -D Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation into the possible role of dolphins' teeth in sound reception

Graf

Megill

Blondel

et al. 2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ultrasound is an alternative way to measure blubber thickness that have showed to correlated with direct measurement (Cartee et al, 1995;Zeng et al, 2015). It relies on the concept of sound travelling at different speeds through tissues of different density (Curran and Asher, 1974).…”

Section: Ultrasound Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example Cornick et al (2016), reported a mean measurement bias of 0.20 cm between ultrasound and rule data, in belugas. The method has been successfully applied to captive harbour porpoises (Kastelein et al, 1995), bottlenose dolphins (Cartee et al, 1995) and gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) (Curran and Asher, 1974). The pre-requisite of restraint during measurement however limits its application to small cetaceans and similarly places limitations on the number of animals that can feasibly be assessed.…”

Section: Ultrasound Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochrome P450 isozyme protein verified in the skin of southern hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae): Implications for biochemical biomarker assessment

Waugh

Huston

Noad

et al. 2011

Marine Pollution Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability accurately gauge the energetic reserves of free-roaming cetaceans, is of elevated importance in conservation biology as this factor has direct implications for individual fitness, survival and reproductive success. In a rapidly changing environment, monitoring individual and population energetic reserves can also offer vital insight into ecosystem health and species resilience to accelerated habitat change. The intrinsic complications of studying cetaceans, however, render direct measurement of energetic reserves impractical in these species and currently there is an absence of standardized methodologies applicable to both dead and live animals. Energetic reserves are mainly stored in the blubber of cetaceans in form of lipids and traditionally, methodological approaches for assessment have targeted either blubber measurements, body composition or, conversely, whole body morphometry. New developments and the increasing cost-efficiency of drone technology and transcriptome sequencing continue to offer new avenues for robust assessment. This paper reviews the current state of the field, the capacity and limitations of traditional approaches and evaluates new approaches for their potential to provide a standardised approach to energetic reserve assessment across life-categories and species.

show abstract

Evaluating cetacean body condition; a review of traditional approaches and new developments

Castrillón

Nash

2020

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to accurately gauge the body condition of free‐swimming cetaceans is invaluable in population and conservation biology, due to the direct implications that this measure has on individual fitness, survival, and reproductive success. Furthermore, monitoring temporal change in body condition offers insight into foraging success over time, and therefore the health of the supporting ecosystem, as well as a species’ resilience. These parameters are particularly relevant in the context of widespread and accelerated, climate‐induced habitat change. There are, however, significant logistical challenges involved with research and monitoring of large cetaceans, which often preclude direct measure of body condition of live individuals. Consequently, a wide variety of indirect approaches, or proxies, for estimating energetic stores have been proposed over past decades. To date, no single, standardized, approach has been shown to serve as a robust estimation of body condition across species, age categories, and in both live and dead individuals. Nonetheless, it is clear that streamlining and advancing body condition measures would carry significant benefits for diverse areas of cetacean research and management. Here, we review traditional approaches and new applications for the evaluation of cetacean energetic reserves. Specific attention is given to the criteria of measure performance (sensitivity and accuracy), level of invasiveness, cost and effort required for implementation, as well as versatility e.g. applicability across different species, age groups, as well as living versus deceased animals. Measures have been benchmarked against these criteria in an effort to identify key candidates for further development, and key research priorities in the field.

show abstract

B-Mode Ultrasound Evaluation of Dolphin Skin

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Investigation into the possible role of dolphins' teeth in sound reception

Investigation into the possible role of dolphins' teeth in sound reception

Cytochrome P450 isozyme protein verified in the skin of southern hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae): Implications for biochemical biomarker assessment

Evaluating cetacean body condition; a review of traditional approaches and new developments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About