Bacteremia and Fungemia in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract

Forty-nine episodes of bacteremia and fungemia occurred in 38 of 336 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome seen at our institution since 1980. There were five types of infections. Infections commonly associated with a T-cell immunodeficiency disorder comprised 16 episodes and included those with Salmonella species, Listeria monocytogenes, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Infections commonly associated with a B-cell immunodeficiency disorder included those with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Infections occurring with neutropenia were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus faecalis. Other infections occurring in the hospital were caused by Candida albicans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, enteric gram-negative rods, Staphylococcus aureus, and mixed S. aureus and group G streptococcus. Other infections occurring out of the hospital included those with S. aureus, Clostridium perfringens, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and group B streptococcus. Because two thirds of the septicemias were caused by organisms other than T-cell opportunists, these pathogens should be anticipated during diagnostic evaluation and when formulating empiric therapy.

Bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: a prospective study of 68 episodes

“…A majority of community-acquired bacterial pneumonias seen in AIDS patients are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae [4,7,8,17]. Both micro-organisms were the causative agents in more than 50% of our patients.…”

Bloodstream infections in late-stage acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients evaluated by a lysis centrifugation system

“…S. aureus was the pathogen most commonly associated with BSI in this study, responding for 41% of all episodes. Despite some authors have postulated that coagulase-negative staphylococci is the major agent of bacteremia in Aids patients, other investigators have found S. aureus as the predominant agent of BSI among gram-positive bacteremic episodes (Whimbey et al 1986, Jacobson et al 1988, Schaberg et al 1991, Banerjee et al 1991, Emori & Gaynes 1993, Goetz et al 1994). The ample presence of patients with a history of intravenous drug use in our population may, in part, explain the predominance of S. aureus among the BSI.…”

“…After reviewing the English literature, we found 4 studies evaluating BSI in Aids patients (Whimbey et al 1986, Hickey & Shanson 1993, Meyer et al 1994, Tumbarello et al 1995 using different blood culture methods (BACTEC NR6A, COLORBACT, radiometric BACTEC 460), showing a variation of 35% to 73.4% in the proportion of BSI with gram-positive bacteria, 23.4% to 32.9% with gramnegative and 0.6 to 4.8% in candidemia. We did not find any study using systematically the isolator system in the investigation of systemic infections in patients with Aids.…”

Afectación multiorgánica por Streptococcus constellatus en paciente VIH positivo y carga viral negativa

“…Desde entonces ha sido identificado en numerosas ocasiones como responsable en bacteriemias, empiemas, abscesos subcutáneos, cerebrales, pulmonares y hepáticos. (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Al corresponder a un grupo de microorganismos comensales de la flora oral y debido a las prácticas de administración de drogas por vía parenteral, las infecciones del tejido celular subcutáneo secundarias a S .…”