Bacteria isolated from companion animals in Japan (2014–2016) by blood culture

Tsuyuki, Yuzo; Kurita, Goro; Murata, Yoshiteru; Takahashi, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2018.01.014

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dogs and cats was 23.0% in our study. A comparable prevalence was also reported in Japan, China, and Switzerland ( 18 – 20 ). However, this prevalence is considerably higher than that reported in France (3.7%) and the Netherlands (2%) ( 21 , 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli From Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan From 2014 to 2017

2020

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Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that mediate resistance to newer β-lactam antibiotics, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. The production of ESBL is primarily plasmid mediated, and such plasmids often comprise the genes that encode resistance to other classes of antimicrobials, such as aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Therefore, ESBL-producing microorganisms leave clinicians with limited therapeutic options in both human and veterinary medicine. Compared with human medicine, information regarding ESBL-producing microorganisms is limited in veterinary medicine. We screened for ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in dogs and cats admitted to National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, from 2014 to 2017 and further analyzed the genotypes and phylogenetic traits of these ESBL producers. Double disk tests specified by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute were performed on 283 E. coli isolates and revealed a total of 65 E. coli (54 from dogs and 11 from cats) with the ESBL phenotype (22.8%). bla CTX−M−1 group and bla CTX−M−2group were the most commonly identified ESBL gene groups. bla CTX−M−55 was the main ESBL gene within the bla CTX−M−1group , whereas the bla CTX−M−2group contained only bla CTX−M−124. The ESBL-producing E. coli were all resistant to ampicillin. The resistance rate to ceftiofur, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin was 93.8, 73.8, 80, and 78.5%, respectively. Of the antibiotics tested, greater sensitivity to imipenem and gentamicin was noted. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that ST457, ST131, and ST648 were the most common sequence types. Our study identified eight ST131/O25b isolates, which is a global zoonotic clone of public health concern. The major ESBL genes Huang et al. ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli of these clones were bla CTX−M−174 and bla CTX−M−194. Because companion animals such as dogs and cats are in close contact with humans, the characterization of ESBL producers originating from them is crucial from the perspective of both public health and veterinary medicine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli From Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan From 2014 to 2017

2020

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“…Positive blood cultures are found in approximately one-third of cases in human patients with severe sepsis (Hodgin & Moss 2008). In Veterinary Medicine, information on the prevalence of bacteremia in dogs and cats is still scarce (Dow et al 1989, Greiner et al 2008, Tsuyuki et al 2018, but it was estimated between 30-50% (Calvert & Thomason 2011). In this study, almost 25% of blood cultures were positive, of which more than half of the patients died.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of dogs in sepsis in an academic veterinary hospital in the north of Paraná

2020

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Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a patient’s unregulated response to an infectious process. In veterinary medicine, the exact incidence of sepsis is unknown. Early recognition of sepsis in critically ill patients is essential for rapid and effective therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to apply the criteria of an adapted sepsis assessment protocol based on the Second International Consensus Definition for Sepsis and Septic Shock or Sepsis-2 of human medicine, in canine patients with suspected systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and/or organ dysfunction, and to identify infectious agents as well as their antimicrobial resistance profile in the focus of infection, in the bloodstream and colonizing the rectal mucosa. Patients were evaluated for survival and severity of sepsis. Of the 37/42 dogs that met the sepsis criteria, six presented septic shock, 26 (70.2%) had at least two signs of SIRS, and sepsis with organ dysfunction was diagnosed in 27 (73%) dogs. The primary dysfunctions observed were decreased level of consciousness in 21/37 (56.8%), hyperlactatemia in 19/37 (51.4%), and hypoalbuminemia in 18/37 (48.6%). Two or more SIRS signs associated with hypotension and hypoalbuminemia were related to more than half of the deaths. The most frequent infectious focus was skin and soft tissue in 20/37 (54%), followed by organs and cavities in 8/37 (21.6%). The survival rate was 56.7%. Blood culture confirmed bacteremia in nine patients (24.3%), with a predominance of Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus spp.) in 66.6% of dogs and one yeast (Candida glabrata). The most frequent bacteria in the focus of infection were gram-negative bacteria (46.2%), mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in 19.5%, 14.6%, and 12.1%, respectively. We observed colonization by gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli-ESBL (31.5%), K. pneumoniae-ESBL (15.7%), and P. aeruginosa (15.7%), and the presence of ESBL bacteria was more associated with death when compared with other microorganisms. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) were isolated from rectal mucosa in four dogs. Gram-negative microorganisms were the most frequent in both infections and colonization, and most of them were resistant to fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and cephalosporins. Based on this information, it can be concluded that mortality due to sepsis in dogs was high. Due to the presence of multi-resistant bacteria, the use of antimicrobials should be judicious, suggesting the implementation of the same precautions used in human hospitals to prevent the spread of multi-resistant microorganisms.

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“…Considering the diversity of data included under ‘3GC’ in Figure 6 and Table 4, data are rather incomparable. Despite this reservation, it is clear that 3GC resistance varies largely between studies – from 0% in Taiwan (Chang et al., 2015) and Norway (Norm/Norm‐Vet, 2019) to 33% in Japan (Tsuyuki et al., 2018).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats

Nielsen¹,

Bicout²,

Calistri³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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In this opinion the antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to dog and cat health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected via an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus schleiferi , Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis , Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Clostridium perfringens , Clostridioides difficile , Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified S. pseudintermedius , E. coli and P. aeruginosa with > 90% certainty as the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.

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Bacteria isolated from companion animals in Japan (2014–2016) by blood culture

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli From Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan From 2014 to 2017

Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli From Dogs and Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan From 2014 to 2017

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of dogs in sepsis in an academic veterinary hospital in the north of Paraná

Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats

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